Prithvi ka map banaana: har map ek samjhauta kyon hai

Prithvi ka aakaar

Prithvi poori gend nahi hai. Ghoomne ki wajah se ye Equator ke aas-paas thodi phooli aur dhruvon par thodi chapti hai; is aakaar ko oblate spheroid kehte hain. Ek santre ko Prithvi maan lo, uska chhilka dhyaan se utaaro aur use flat bichhaane ki koshish karo. Kaise bhi dabaao, wo phatega ya usmein silvatein padengi. Map ki bhi yahi mushkil hai: use mudi hui satah ko flat kaagaz par dikhaana hai, isliye kuch na kuch hamesha khinchta ya sikudta hai.

Map projection kya hai?

Map banaane wale jis tareeke se gol Prithvi ko flat kaagaz par utaarte hain, use map projection kehte hain. Map banaane walon, yaani cartographers, ne sadiyon mein kai projections aazmaaye hain. Kuch deshon ka aakaar sahi rakhte hain par size galat kar dete hain; kuch size sahi rakhte hain par aakaar mod dete hain. Koi bhi projection sab kuch ek saath sahi nahi rakh sakta, isliye duniya ka har map ek samjhauta hai. Naavikon ke liye bana map, deshon ka kshetrafal milaane wala map aur school atlas ka map, teeno ek hi Prithvi dikhaate hue bhi thode alag dikh sakte hain.

Mercator aur Robinson

Mercator projection aakaar aur dishaayein sahi rakhta hai. Is par seedhi line compass ki ek tiki hui disha hoti hai, isliye ye lambe samay se naavikon ki madad karta raha hai. Iski keemat size hai: dhruvon ki taraf zameen badi aur badi dikhti hai, to Greenland Africa jitna aur Bharat se bada dikhta hai, jabki asal mein Bharat uska lagbhag dedh guna hai. Robinson projection size aur aakaar dono mein chhoti galtiyaan maan leta hai taaki kuch bhi bahut na bigde, aur poori duniya ka map zyada asli dikhta hai. Duniya ko theek se samajhne ke liye ek nahi, kai projections dekhna achha hai.

Physical map padhna

Ye chapter physical maps use karta hai, jo deshon ki jagah zameen aur paani dikhaate hain. Inki apni rangon ki bhaasha hai. Neela rang paani dikhata hai, jaise mahaasaagar, samudra, jheel aur nadiyaan. Hara maidaan dikhata hai, peela ya bhoora plateau, aur gehra bhoora oonche pahaad. Halka peela registaan ke liye aur safed barf aur glaciers ke liye hota hai. To Australia ka zyaadatar peela map turant bata deta hai ki us mahaadweep ka bada hissa sookha hai, jabki kinaare par hari patti neeche ke maidaan dikhaati hai.

Scale, legend aur coordinates

Map ko padhne ke auzaar bhi map par hote hain. Scale batata hai ki map ki ek lambaai asal mein kitni doori hai, jaise 0 se 1,000 km. Legend istemaal kiye nishaan samjhata hai, jaise raaste ke liye line ya shehar ke liye bindu, aur dishaayein, uttar, dakshin, poorab aur pashchim, batati hain kaun si taraf kya hai. Duniya ka map aakaar, size, jagah aur dooriyon ka achha andaaza deta hai, par sateek kaam ke liye professionals latitude aur longitude use karte hain, coordinates ka wo jaal jo Grade 6 mein padha tha aur jo kisi bhi jagah ko theek-theek bata sakta hai. Baaki chapter Chapter 1 ke notes mein hai, mahaasaagar mahaadweep aur mahaasaagar mein, aur har sawaal NCERT solutions mein.