NCERT Solutions Class 8 Social Science Part 2 Chapter 1: World Geography: Some Glimpses (Hinglish)

Exploring Society: India and Beyond Grade 8 (pehla edition, June 2026) ke Part 2 Chapter 1, World Geography: Some Glimpses, ke har sawaal ke jawab: har Let’s Explore aur Think About It, figures wale sawaal, aur saare gyaarah Questions and activities. Page number chapter ke hisaab se hain (pages 1–34). Short notes: Part 2 Chapter 1 ke notes.

Let’s Explore aur Think About It (pages 2–30)

Page 2: Fig. 1.1 ke rang kya dikhaate hain? Neela mahaasaagar aur samudra dikhata hai; hara maidaanon aur neechi zameen par jangal aur paudhe; peela aur bhoora registaan aur sookhi ya oonchi zameen, jaise Sahara aur Arabia; aur safed barf aur baadal, jaise Antarctica par. Physical map bhi milta-julta rang ka code use karta hai.

Page 3: dono maps mein Greenland aur Bharat. Mercator map par Greenland Bharat se bada dikhta hai, par Robinson map par chhota. Asal mein Bharat, lagbhag 3.3 million km², Greenland, lagbhag 2.2 million km², se bada hai; Mercator projection dhruvon ke paas ki zameen ko bada kar deta hai.

Page 4, Think About It: agar pradooshan plankton ko nuksaan pahunchaaye to? Hawa ki lagbhag aadhi oxygen ki supply kat jaayegi, to saans lene wale sabhi jeevon ko takleef hogi. Plankton samudri food chain ki pehli kadi bhi hain, isliye chhoti machhliyaan, phir badi machhliyaan, whales aur samudri pakshi bhookhe rahenge, aur machhli par nirbhar logon ka khaana aur rozgaar chhin jaayega. Hawa mein zyada carbon dioxide rahegi, jo global warming badhaayegi.

Page 11: Fig. 1.11 ki bhautik visheshtaayein. Himalaya aur Ural Mountains jaisi oonchi parvat-maalaayein (gehra bhoora); Tibetan Plateau (bhoora); Gobi Desert (halka peela); Eurasian Steppes ka ghaas ka maidaan aur Siberian Taiga ke jangal; neeche ke maidaan (hara); nadiyaan aur samudra; Pacific, Indian aur Arctic Ocean (neela); aur door uttar mein barf (safed).

Page 12, Fig. 1.12: 1987 aur 2021 mein farq. Baad wali tasveer mein plateau ki jheelein badi hain aur kuch nayi jheelein ban gayi hain, jabki barf kam hai. Climate change se pighalti barf jheelon ko bhar rahi hai.

Page 15: Himalaya aur pahaadon ki chaar bhoomikaayein. Climate: ye Central Asia ki barfeeli hawaaon ko rokte hain aur monsoon hawaaon ko thaam lete hain, jisse uttar ke maidaanon mein khoob baarish hoti hai. Water towers: inki barf aur glaciers saal bhar Indus, Ganga aur Brahmaputra ko paani dete hain. Biodiversity hotspot: inke jangal aur bugyal snow leopard, red panda, kastoori mrig, burans (rhododendron) aur jadi-bootiyon ka ghar hain. Kudrati seema: ye Bharat ko Tibet aur Central Asia se alag karte hain, aur Nepal aur Bhutan inhi ke beech hain.

Page 18: European Plain ke desh. Pashchim se poorab: France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Belarus, Ukraine aur Russia ka Europe wala hissa.

Page 22: Nile ka raasta. Iski lambi shaakha, White Nile, Poorvi Africa ke jheel ilaake mein Lake Victoria ke aas-paas (Tanzania aur Uganda) se nikalti hai, aur Blue Nile Ethiopia se. Nadi uttar ki taraf Uganda, South Sudan, Sudan aur Egypt se hote hue Mediterranean Sea mein girti hai.

Page 24: Amazon ‘Lungs of the Earth’ kyon? Ye Prithvi ka sabse bada rainforest hai; iske ped bahut saari carbon dioxide lete hain aur oxygen chhodte hain, aur inki nami baarish banaane mein madad karti hai, isliye ye jangal poori Prithvi ki hawa aur climate par asar daalta hai.

Page 24: jangal katne ke asar aur Amazon ki raksha. Kam samay mein: kheton, maweshiyon aur sadakon ke liye zameen, lakdi aur rozgaar, par saath mein dhuaan, khatm hote ghar aur indigenous samudaayon ka bedakhal hona. Lambe samay mein: prajaatiyaan hamesha ke liye khatm, kam baarish, mitti ka katav, zyada carbon dioxide aur tez climate change. Raksha: national parks aur surakshit ilaake, jangal ke indigenous logon ko zameen ke adhikaar, satellite se gair-kaanooni katai par nazar, dobaara ped lagaana, aisi kheti jismein naye jangal na katein, aur ameer deshon se paisa taaki ye ilaaka jangal kaate bina vikaas kar sake.

Page 25: Atacama ke kapdon ke dher. Fast fashion saste kapde banaata hai jo trend badalte hi phenk diye jaate hain, aur ye kachra Atacama jaisi jagahon par pahunchta hai. Hum kam kapde khareed sakte hain, unhe zyada din pehen sakte hain, silwa sakte hain, badal sakte hain aur daan kar sakte hain, aur companies apne beche kapde waapas lekar recycle kar sakti hain.

Page 29, Fig. 1.34: rangon se Australia ke landforms. Beech aur pashchim ka zyaadatar hissa peela ya halka bhoora hai, yaani Australia ka bada hissa registaan ya sookha plateau hai, Great Australian Desert. Kinaaron par, khaas kar poorab aur dakshin-poorab mein, hari pattiyaan maidaan dikhaati hain, aur poorab mein bhoora rang oonchi zameen dikhata hai. Great Barrier Reef uttar-poorvi kinaare ke paas hai.

Questions and activities (pages 31–32)

1. Prithvi oblate spheroid hai, yaani mudi hui satah. Mudi satah ko bina kheeche, dabaaye ya phaade flat nahi bichha sakte, jaise santre ka chhilka flat nahi dabta. Isliye har map projection kuch na kuch galat karta hai: Mercator aakaar sahi rakhta hai par dhruvon ke paas ki zameen badi kar deta hai, jabki Robinson size aur aakaar mein santulan rakhta hai par dono mein bilkul sahi nahi hai.

2. Prithvi par koi plateau isse ooncha ya bada nahi hai. Ye poorab-pashchim lagbhag 2,500 km aur uttar-dakshin 1,000 km faila hai, aur iski ausat oonchai 4,500 m se zyada hai. Ye Indo-Australian aur Eurasian plates ki takkar se utha, jisne Himalaya bhi banaaya. Ise Third Pole kehte hain: dhruvon ke baahar sabse zyada meetha paani yahin jama hai, ye Indus, Brahmaputra aur Yangtze ko paani deta hai aur Asia ke climate par asar daalta hai.

3. Zameen ke rainforests ki tarah coral reefs bhi Prithvi ke sabse vividh ecosystems mein hain. Ye samudra ki har chaar mein se lagbhag ek prajaati ko khaana aur ghar dete hain, machhli aur kekdon se lekar kachhuon aur sponges tak.

4. Mahaasaagar suraj ki garmi sokh kar dheere chhodte hain, isliye tateey jagahein naram rehti hain; hawa mein nami jodte hain, jisse baadal aur baarish bante hain; aur currents garam paani dhruvon ki taraf aur thanda paani Equator ki taraf le jaati hain, jaise Gulf Stream Western Europe ko garam rakhti hai.

5. Insaani kaam. Sabse badi wajah climate change hai, jo samudri paani ki rasaayanik banaavat badal raha hai, jisse corals safed hokar mar rahe hain; pradooshan aur zyada machhli pakadna nuksaan aur badhaate hain.

6. Amazon duniya ka sabse bada rainforest hai. Photosynthesis se iske ped bahut saari carbon dioxide lete hain aur oxygen chhodte hain, jaise phephde gases ka len-den karte hain, isliye ye poori Prithvi ki hawa aur climate ko santulit rakhne mein madad karta hai.

7. Sahara Desert: 30–46°C, kabhi 50°C se bhi zyada, taapmaan aur 25 cm se kam baarish ki wajah se kam paudhe ugte hain; cactus paani jama karte hain, khajoor oasis par ugte hain, aur fennec fox apne bade kaanon se garmi nikaalti hai. Log ghumantu banakar oont, bakri aur bhed paalte hain, dheele dhake kapde pehente hain aur kuch thandak ke liye zameen ke neeche ghar banaate hain. Iska asar duniya bhar hai: Sahara se udi dhool phosphorus le jaakar Amazon rainforest ko khaad deti hai. Tibetan Plateau: ooncha aur thanda, ye barf jama rakhta hai jo badi nadiyon ko paani deti hai, isliye door neeche ke khet aur shehar is par nirbhar hain; ye Asia ke climate ko bhi aakaar deta hai. Garmi badhne se iski jheelein bad rahi hain aur nayi ban rahi hain, jo climate change ka sanket hai aur poore Asia ki paani ki supply par asar daalta hai.

8. Hind Mahaasaagar: dakshini Hind Mahaasaagar ki hawaayein Gangetic Plains tak monsoon laane mein madad karti hain, aur iska garam paani baarish ke liye nami jodta hai. Hazaaron saal se jahaz isse Bharat, Arab, Poorvi Africa aur Southeast Asia ke beech chale, Persian Gulf aur Bay of Bengal se hote hue; aaj ve Red Sea aur Suez Canal se Europe pahunchte hain. Pacific Ocean: sabse bada aur gehra mahaasaagar bhaari garmi aur nami jama karta hai jo uske chaaron taraf ka mausam banaati hai; iske taapmaan ke badlaav Bharat ke monsoon par bhi asar daal sakte hain. Iske paar jahaz East Asia ke bandargaahon ko America se jodte hain, aur Strait of Malacca ise Hind Mahaasaagar se jodta hai, jo duniya ke sabse vyast samudri raaston mein se ek hai.

9. Jangal katna, jaise Amazon mein. Wajahein: kheti aur maweshiyon ke liye zameen saaf karna, lakdi ki katai, mining, sadakein aur shehar. Asar: paudhe aur jaanvar khatm, zyada carbon dioxide aur tez climate change, kam baarish, mitti ka katav, aur indigenous samudaayon ka ghar chhinna. Hal: surakshit ilaake, indigenous logon ko zameen ke adhikaar, dobaara ped lagaana, gair-kaanooni katai par roak, aur aisi lakdi aur khaana khareedna jiske liye jangal na katein. Yahi tareeka reef bleaching (wajah: garmi aur ganda paani) ya registaan ke failne (wajah: zyada charaai, ped katna aur galat kheti) par bhi lagta hai.

10. Ek namoona jawab: Western Ghats. Bharat ke pashchimi kinaare ki ye lambi pahaadi shrinkhla ek biodiversity hotspot hai, jahan aise paudhe aur jaanvar hain jo aur kahin nahi milte, aur ye Godavari, Krishna aur Kaveri jaisi nadiyon ka srot hai. Ise mining, patthar ki khudaai, jangal katne, landslides aur bina yojana ke nirmaan se khatra hai. Salaah ye hogi: iske jangal bachaao, iski dhalaanon par mining aur nirmaan par roak lagao, sthaaniya samudaayon ko iski dekhbhaal mein shaamil karo, aur sirf paryavaran ke anukool tourism ki ijaazat do. (Himalaya, Sundarbans ya Thar Desert bhi achhe vikalp hain.)

11. Ek activity; ek namoona pitch: Sadak se Asia aur Europe. Delhi se shuru karke Himalaya paar Tibetan Plateau, phir thanda Gobi Desert, Eurasian Steppes par ek yurt mein raat, Ural Mountains paar karke Asia se Europe, European Plain mein Moscow, Warsaw aur Berlin, aur aakhir mein Alps. Ek hi safar mein plateau, registaan, ghaas ka maidaan, pahaad aur maidaan dikh jaayenge, sab zameen se jude hue. Raasta ek khaali map par banao, har padaav mark karo, aur group ko manaane ke liye poster, photos ya chhota role-play use karo.

Looking back and forward (pages 33–34)

Agle chapter se jodne wale is hisse mein koi sawaal nahi hai. Ye Khorda, Odisha ke Paika Sangram (1817) ko yaad karta hai, jab Paika, yaani kisan sainik jinki zameen British ki tax maangon mein chali gayi thi, tribal groups ke saath Buxi Jagabandhu ki agvaai mein uthe, aur Surendra Sai ke netritva mein Sambalpur Uprising (1827–1862) ko.

Short notes aur zyada practice topic pages par hai: mahaadweep aur mahaasaagar, Prithvi ka map banaana aur insaani kaam aur paryavaran ki samasyaayein.