Class 6 Social Science Chapter 1: Locating Places on the Earth (Hinglish Notes)
Ye chapter 5 lines mein
Map kisi jagah ka upar se dekha gaya chitra hai, aur iske teen mukhya components hain: doori (scale se), disha aur symbols. Prithvi lagbhag gol hai, isliye globe use zyaada sahi dikhaata hai. Equator se naapi latitude aur Greenwich ke Prime Meridian se naapi longitude ka grid har jagah ko do coordinates deta hai. Longitude se local time bhi tay hota hai: Prithvi har ghante 15° ghoomti hai, aur poora India ek standard time, IST, maanta hai, jo GMT se 5 ghante 30 minute aage hai.
Maps ki zaroorat kyun hai?
Chapter astronomer Āryabhaṭa (lagbhag 500 CE) ki baat se shuru hota hai, jinhone Prithvi ko antariksh mein tika ek gola bataaya. Phir ek kaam ka sawaal aata hai: kisi naye shehar mein pehli baar jaao, to apni pasand ki jagahein kaise dhoondhoge? Kisi se pooch sakte ho, ya map dekh sakte ho. Book mein ek kaalpanik chhote shehar ka map hai, jisse tum railway station se bank tak ka raasta, school, public garden aur museum dhoondh sakte ho, aur bank se market tak ja sakte ho.
Map kisi ilaake ka chitra hai, aise jaise use upar se dekha ja raha ho. Ilaaka chhota ho sakta hai (gaon ya kasba), bada (zila ya rajya) ya bahut bada (India ya poori duniya). Atlas maps ki kitaab ya sangrah hai. Maps kai tarah ke hote hain:
| Map ka prakaar | Mukhya roop se kya dikhaata hai |
|---|---|
| Physical map | Prakritik cheezein: pahaad, samudra, nadiyaan |
| Political map | Desh ya rajya, seemaayein, shehar aur raajdhaaniyan |
| Thematic map | Ek khaas tarah ki jaankaari |
Map ke teen components
Har map teen components par bana hai: doori, disha aur symbols. Aur padho: map ke components.
Doori aur scale. Bada ilaaka chhote kaagaz par map ke scale ki wajah se aa jaata hai. Agar shehar ke map ka har centimetre zameen ke 500 metre dikhaaye, to scale 1 cm = 500 m hai. Book ke Chapter 5 ke India map par 2.5 cm ka chhota ruler 500 km dikhaata hai.
Disha. Zyaadatar maps mein north upar hota hai; clockwise chalo to east, south aur west aate hain. Ye chaar cardinal directions hain. Inke beech intermediate directions hain: northeast (NE), southeast (SE), southwest (SW) aur northwest (NW). Zyaadatar maps bas N likha ek teer dikhaate hain.
Symbols. Bade shehar ya desh ke map par har imaarat banaane ki jagah nahi hoti, isliye symbols railway line, sadak, seema, nadi, kuaan, taalaab, pul, poojasthal, post office, police station, ped aur bahut kuch dikhaate hain. India mein sarkaari sanstha Survey of India symbols ka ek standard set tay karti hai, taaki sab map ek tarah padhein.
Prithvi ka map: globe
Prithvi flat nahi hai. Ye lagbhag gol hai, poles par thodi chapti. Gole ko flat kaagaz par theek se nahi dikhaaya ja sakta: santre ke chhilke ke teen-chaar bade tukde mez par flat karke dekho, wo kinaaron se phat jaate hain. Globe ek gola hai jis par map bana hota hai, isliye wo Prithvi ka aakaar sahi dikhaata hai.
Coordinates: latitude aur longitude
Dost ko saaf-suthri dukaanon waale market mein bulaana ho to kahoge “entrance se 5th line ki 7th dukaan”. Chessboard bhi aise hi kaam karta hai: columns a se h aur rows 1 se 8 har khaane ko naam dete hain, isliye d2 se d4 jaane waala pyaada theek se likha jaata hai. Jagah tay karne waali do values coordinates kehlaati hain. Prithvi par ye latitude aur longitude hain.
Latitude. Equator North aur South Pole ke theek beech globe ko gherta hai. Latitude batata hai ki jagah Equator se kitni door hai: Equator par 0°, poles par 90°N aur 90°S. Kisi bhi point se east–west jaane waali line parallel of latitude hai; Equator sabse lamba hai, aur parallels poles ki taraf chhote hote jaate hain. Latitude ka mausam se rishta hai: Equator ke paas garam (torrid), door jaane par sam (temperate), aur poles ke paas thanda (frigid).
Longitude. Meridians of longitude pole se pole tak aadhe ghere hain. 1884 mein deshon ne London ke Greenwich se guzarne waale meridian ko Prime Meridian (0°) chuna. Longitude isse east ya west ki doori hai, 0° se 180°E ya 180°W tak. Mote taur par New York 74°W, Delhi 77°E aur Tokyo 140°E par hain. 180°E aur 180°W ek hi line hain, isliye ise bas 180° likhte hain.
Parallels aur meridians milkar grid banaate hain, aur har jagah apne do coordinates se mil jaati hai: Delhi lagbhag 29°N latitude aur 77°E longitude par hai. Equator Prithvi ko Northern aur Southern Hemisphere mein baantta hai; Prime Meridian Western aur Eastern Hemisphere mein. India lagbhag 8°N se 37°N aur 68°E se 97°E ke beech hai. Greenwich se bahut pehle India ka apna prime meridian tha, Ujjayinī (Ujjain) se guzarti madhya rekhā. Aur padho: latitude aur longitude kya hai.
Local time, standard time aur time zones
Prithvi west se east ghoomti hai, lagbhag 24 ghante mein poora 360°: yaani har ghante 15°, ya har 1° par 4 minute. Agar Greenwich mein dopahar 12 baje hain, to 15°E par local time 1 pm aur 15°W par 11 am hai. Isi wajah se Tinsukia (Assam) mein suraj doob chuka hota hai jab Porbandar (Gujarat) mein, lagbhag 30° west mein, abhi bhi din ki roshni hoti hai.
Ek desh mein kai local times bahut confusion karenge, isliye zyaadatar desh ek standard time maante hain. Indian Standard Time (IST), Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) se 5 ghante 30 minute aage hai. Time zones mote taur par 15° ki pattiyon mein hain, par seemaaon ke saath mudte hain; bade deshon mein kai hain, USA mein chhe aur Russia mein gyaarah. Prime Meridian ke saamne, lagbhag 180° par, International Date Line hai: ise east ki taraf paar karo to ek din ghatao, west ki taraf paar karo to ek din jodo. Aur padho: Indian Standard Time kya hai.
Chapter ke har sawaal ka jawab Chapter 1 ke NCERT solutions mein hai.
Key terms (zaroori shabd)
| Term | Matlab |
|---|---|
| Map (naksha) | Kisi chhote ya bade ilaake ka chitra, aise jaise use upar se dekha ja raha ho. |
| Atlas | Maps ki kitaab ya sangrah. |
| Scale (paimaana) | Map ki doori zameen ki kitni doori dikhaati hai, jaise 1 cm = 500 m. |
| Cardinal directions (mukhya dishaayein) | Chaar mukhya dishaayein: north (uttar), east (poorv), south (dakshin) aur west (paschim). Inke beech ki dishaayein NE, SE, SW aur NW hain. |
| Symbols (sanket) | Chhote chinh jo sadak, railway line, nadi, kuaan aur imaaraton jaisi cheezon ko dikhaate hain. India mein Survey of India inka standard set tay karta hai. |
| Globe | Ek gola jis par map bana ho, jaise Prithvi, Chaand ya taaron ka map. |
| Coordinates (nirdeshaank) | Do values jo ek jagah tay karti hain, jaise ‘7th dukaan, 5th line’ ya chessboard par d4. Prithvi par ye latitude aur longitude hain. |
| Equator (vishuvat rekha) | North aur South Pole ke theek beech ka kalpanik ghera. Ye latitude 0° hai aur sabse lamba parallel hai. |
| Latitude (akshaansh) | Kisi jagah ki Equator se north ya south doori, degrees mein, 0° se 90°N ya 90°S tak. |
| Meridian of longitude | North Pole se South Pole tak jaane waala kalpanik aadha ghera. |
| Prime Meridian | London ke Greenwich se guzarne waala 0° meridian, jise 1884 mein longitude naapne ki shuruaati line chuna gaya. |
| Longitude (deshaantar) | Kisi jagah ki Prime Meridian se east ya west doori, degrees mein, 0° se 180°E ya 180°W tak. |
| Local time aur standard time | Local time jagah ke apne longitude pe nirbhar hai. Standard time wo ek samay hai jo poora desh maanta hai, desh se guzarne waale ek meridian ke hisaab se. |
| International Date Line | Lagbhag 180° longitude par wo line jahan taareekh ek din badal jaati hai; ye kahin-kahin mudti hai taaki koi desh do hisson mein na bante. |
Is chapter ke topics
Practice karo
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Inme se kaunsa map ke teen mukhya components mein NAHI hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (d) Kaagaz ka rang
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1 cm = 10 m scale waale map par 40 m lamba playground kitna bana?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) 4 cm
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Equator ka latitude kya hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) 0°
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Prime Meridian kahan se guzarta hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (c) Greenwich
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Local time har kitne par ek ghanta badalta hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (c) 15° longitude
Students ke sawal
Class 6 SST Chapter 1 ke mukhya topics kya hain?
Maps aur unke teen components (doori ya scale, disha aur symbols), globe, coordinates, latitude aur longitude, Prime Meridian aur India ki apni madhya rekhā, local time, Indian Standard Time, time zones aur International Date Line.
Kya Locating Places on the Earth naye Exploring Society book mein hai?
Haan. Locating Places on the Earth, Exploring Society: India and Beyond ka Chapter 1 hai, jo 2026-27 session ki Class 6 Social Science textbook hai. Ye ‘India and the World: Land and the People’ theme ki shuruaat karta hai.
Chapter 1 ke end mein kitne sawaal hain?
“Questions, activities and projects” section mein 8 sawaal hain, aakhir mein true-false statements aur ek crossword. Hamaara NCERT solutions page inke saath Big Questions aur har Let's Explore box ke jawab deta hai.
Koi sawal atak gaya?
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