Class 6 Social Science Chapter 1 NCERT Solutions Hinglish mein: Locating Places on the Earth

Exploring Society: India and Beyond ke Chapter 1, Locating Places on the Earth, ke Big Questions, har Let’s Explore box aur “Questions, activities and projects” ke jawab. Kuch sawaal activities hain, isliye neeche diye jawab model aur tareeke hain: inse taiyaari karo, phir apne observations jodo. Short notes: Chapter 1 notes.

The Big Questions (page 7)

1. Map kya hai aur hum ise kaise use karte hain? Iske mukhya components kya hain?

Map kisi chhote ya bade ilaake ka chitra hai, aise jaise use upar se dekha gaya ho. Hum maps se jagahein dhoondhte hain aur wahan pahunchne ka raasta tay karte hain, aur kisi ilaake ke baare mein jaante hain: uski prakritik cheezein (physical maps), seemaayein aur shehar (political maps) ya ek khaas jaankaari (thematic maps). Iske teen mukhya components hain doori (scale se, jaise 1 cm = 500 m), disha (north, east, south, west aur beech ki dishaayein) aur symbols (sadak, railway, nadi, imaaraton waghaira ke standard chinh).

2. Coordinates kya hain? Latitude aur longitude se Prithvi par koi bhi jagah kaise tay hoti hai?

Coordinates do values hain jo ek jagah tay karti hain, jaise market mein “5th line ki 7th dukaan” ya chessboard par d4. Prithvi par do coordinates hain latitude, yaani Equator se north ya south doori (0° se 90°), aur longitude, yaani Greenwich ke Prime Meridian se east ya west doori (0° se 180°). Parallels aur meridians globe par grid banaate hain, isliye har jagah ki apni jodi hoti hai: jaise Delhi lagbhag 29°N, 77°E par hai.

3. Local time aur standard time ka longitude se kya rishta hai?

Prithvi 24 ghante mein 360° ghoomti hai, har ghante 15°, isliye local time har degree longitude par 4 minute badalta hai; east ki jagahein aage hain. Standard time poore desh ke liye chuna gaya ek samay hai, desh se guzarne waale ek meridian ka local time. India ka standard time, IST, 82°30′E ka local time hai, GMT se 5 ghante 30 minute aage.

Let’s Explore: chhote shehar ka map (page 9)

1. Hospital mark karo. Fig. 1.1 mein hospital laal plus (cross) waali gulaabi imaarat hai, map ke beech-baayein hisse mein, jheel aur market ke beech.

2. Neele rang waale hisson ka matlab kya hai? Paani: ek dhaara jo neeche jheel mein girti hai. Maps par neela rang paani, jaise nadi, jheel, taalaab aur samudra, ke liye hota hai.

3. Railway station se sabse door kya hai: school, Nagar Panchayat ya public garden? Public garden, jo map ke upar-daayein kone mein hai. Teeno mein school sabse paas hai, aur map ke beech mein Nagar Panchayat uske baad aata hai.

Group activity: apne school ka map. School ki imaarat aur playground, wahan tak aane waali sadakein ya galiyan aur kuch padosi imaaratein banao. Tay karo ki north kahan hai aur N likha teer lagao, size mote taur par anupaat mein rakho, aur aasaan symbols use karo. Groups ke maps milaate waqt dekho ki har group ne kya dikhaaya aur kya chhod diya.

Let’s Explore: scale se playground (page 10)

1 cm = 10 m scale par 40 m × 30 m ka playground 4 cm × 3 cm ka rectangle banta hai. Uska diagonal 5 cm aata hai, isliye asli diagonal 5 × 10 = 50 m hai.

Let’s Explore: shehar ke map par dishaayein (page 11)

Yaad rakho: map par north upar, east daayein, south neeche aur west baayein hai.

Statement	Sahi ya galat?	Kyun
1. Market hospital ke north mein hai.	Galat	Market hospital ke neeche hai, yaani uske south mein.
2. Museum bank ke southeast mein hai.	Sahi	Museum bank ke neeche aur thoda daayein hai (lagbhag seedha south).
3. Railway station hospital ke northwest mein hai.	Sahi	Station hospital ke baayein aur thoda upar hai.
4. Jheel apartment blocks ke northwest mein hai.	Galat	Jheel apartments ke baayein aur neeche hai, yaani unke southwest mein.

Tumhaara ghar school se kis disha mein hai? Jawab alag-alag honge. School ke gate par ugte suraj ki taraf munh karke khade ho: wo lagbhag east hai, aur north tumhaare baayein haath par. Phir tay karo ki ghar kis taraf hai, jaise “mera ghar school ke northeast mein hai”.

Let’s Explore: apne mohalle ka rough map (page 11)

Apna ghar, school aur kuch landmarks, jaise market, mandir, taalaab ya bus stop, banao. N likha teer lagaakar cardinal directions dikhao aur Fig. 1.2 ke symbols use karo, jaise pakki sadak ke liye do seedhi lines, kuen ke liye kaala dot aur post office ke liye PO.

Let’s Explore: chess ki chaal (page 13)

Agar tum black se khelo aur wahi chaal chalo, to tumhaara rani ka pyaada bhi do khaane aage jaayega: d7 se d5.

Let’s Explore: grid par chaar shehar (page 17)

Globe ya atlas se lagbhag values:

Shehar	Latitude	Longitude
Mumbai	lagbhag 19°N	lagbhag 73°E
Kolkata	lagbhag 22.5°N	lagbhag 88°E
Singapore	lagbhag 1°N	lagbhag 104°E
Paris	lagbhag 49°N	lagbhag 2°E

Let’s Explore: do dost (page 21)

Assam mein andhera aur Gujarat mein abhi roshni kyun? Prithvi west se east ghoomti hai, isliye east ki jagahon par suraj pehle ugta aur pehle doobta hai. Assam ka Tinsukia, Gujarat ke Porbandar se bahut east mein hai, isliye wahan suraj kaafi pehle doob jaata hai.

Local time ka fark. Longitude ka fark 30° maano: 30 × 4 minute = 120 minute, yaani Tinsukia ka local time Porbandar se 2 ghante aage hai. (Extra: asli longitudes, lagbhag 95.4°E aur 69.6°E, kareeb 26° door hain, jisse lagbhag 1 ghanta 43 minute aata hai.)

Local time aur standard time. Dono doston ki ghadiyan ek hi samay dikhaati hain, kyunki poora India IST maanta hai. Par unka local, yaani suraj ke hisaab ka, samay lagbhag 2 ghante alag hai: jab ghadi 5:30 pm dikhaati hai, tab Tinsukia mein suraj ke hisaab se shaam ho chuki hai aur Porbandar mein abhi dopahar hai. Local time har jagah ke longitude ke hisaab se chalta hai; standard time poore desh ka ek saajha samay hai.

Questions, activities and projects (pages 24–25)

1. Fig. 5.2 par scale 2.5 cm = 500 km lekar Narmada ke estuary se Ganga ke estuary tak ki asli doori nikaalo.

Pehle scale aasaan karo: 2.5 cm = 500 km yaani 1 cm = 200 km. Map par Narmada ke muhaane (west coast par Gulf of Khambhat) se Ganga ke muhaane (east coast par Bay of Bengal) tak seedhi line naapo aur round karo. Agar lagbhag 8 cm aaye, to asli doori 8 × 200 = lagbhag 1,600 km hai. Tumhaare naap ke hisaab se jawab thoda alag ho sakta hai.

2. Jab London mein dopahar 12 baje hote hain, tab India mein shaam 5:30 kyun hote hain?

London Prime Meridian (0°) par hai, aur Indian Standard Time 82°30′E meridian par aadhaarit hai. Prithvi west se east ghoomti hai, isliye east ki jagahon ka samay aage hota hai, har degree par 4 minute: 82.5 × 4 = 330 minute, yaani 5 ghante 30 minute. Isliye jab London (GMT) mein dopahar 12 baje hain, India mein shaam 5:30 hote hain. (Extra: March ke aakhir se October ke aakhir tak UK apni ghadiyan ek ghanta aage kar leta hai, tab fark 4 ghante 30 minute hota hai.)

3. Map mein symbols aur rangon ki zaroorat kyun hai?

Map par har imaarat, sadak ya nadi banaane ki jagah nahi hoti. Chhote symbols kam jagah mein bahut si cheezein dikhaate hain, aur Survey of India ke standard symbols ki wajah se sab inhe ek tarah padhte hain. Rang cheezon ko ek nazar mein alag pehchaanne mein madad karte hain: jaise paani ke liye neela, aur ped ya neechi zameen ke liye hara.

4. Apne ghar ya school se aathon dishaon mein kya hai, pata karo.

Jawab alag-alag honge. Pehle north dhoondho (compass app se, ya ugte suraj ki taraf munh karo: north baayein hai), phir har disha mein ek cheez likho, jaise: North, mandir; Northeast, park; East, main road; Southeast, dukaan; South, taalaab; Southwest, bus stop; West, khet; Northwest, hospital.

5. Local time aur standard time mein kya fark hai? 100 se 150 words mein likho.

Ek model jawab: Local time kisi jagah ka suraj ki sthiti ke hisaab se samay hai, isliye ye jagah ke longitude pe nirbhar hai. Prithvi 24 ghante mein 360°, yaani har ghante 15°, ghoomti hai, isliye har degree longitude par local time 4 minute badalta hai: east ki jagahein aage aur west ki jagahein peeche hoti hain. Agar har kasba apna local time rakhe, to Porbandar aur Tinsukia ki ghadiyon mein lagbhag do ghante ka fark hoga, aur train, office aur phone calls mein uljhan hogi. Isliye desh ek standard time chunta hai, jo desh se guzarne waale ek meridian ka local time hota hai, aur saari ghadiyan use maanti hain. India ka standard time, IST, 82°30′E ka local time hai, GMT se 5 ghante 30 minute aage. Local time jagah-jagah alag hai; standard time poore desh mein ek hai.

6. Delhi aur Bengaluru ke latitudes 29°N aur 13°N hain; unke longitudes lagbhag ek jaise, 77°E, hain. Dono shehron ke local time mein kitna fark hoga?

Lagbhag koi fark nahi. Local time sirf longitude pe nirbhar hai, latitude pe nahi. Dono shehar lagbhag 77°E par hain, isliye unka local time lagbhag ek jaisa hai, bhale hi Bengaluru bahut door south mein hai.

7. Sahi ya galat? Har ek ko ek-do vaakya mein samjhao.

Statement	Sahi ya galat	Samjhaavat
Saare parallels of latitude ki lambaai barabar hai.	Galat	Equator sabse lamba hai; parallels poles ki taraf chhote hote jaate hain, aur poles par bas ek point reh jaate hain.
Meridian of longitude ki lambaai Equator ki aadhi hai.	Sahi	Meridian pole se pole tak aadha ghera hai, jabki Equator usi globe ka poora ghera hai.
South Pole ka latitude 90°S hai.	Sahi	Poles Equator se 90° door hain: 90°N aur 90°S.
Assam mein local time aur IST ek jaise hain.	Galat	Assam lagbhag 90°E se 96°E par hai, IST meridian (82°30′E) ke east mein, isliye wahan ka local time IST se lagbhag aadha ghanta se kareeb ek ghanta aage hai.
Time zones ko alag karne waali lines meridians of longitude jaisi hi hain.	Galat	Ve mote taur par 15° ki pattiyon ke saath chalti hain par antarrashtriya seemaaon ke saath mud jaati hain.
Equator bhi ek parallel of latitude hai.	Sahi	Ye 0° parallel hai, sabse lamba.

8. Crossword hal karo.

Across

Clue	Answer
1. Bade ilaake ko map mein samaata hai	SCALE
4. Kaam ka gola	GLOBE
5. Sabse lamba parallel of latitude	EQUATOR
6. Prime Meridian jis jagah se juda hai	GREENWICH
8. Raasta dhoondhne mein bahut kaam ka	MAP
10. Equator se doori	LATITUDE

Down

Clue	Answer
2. Prime Meridian se doori	LONGITUDE
3. Dono milkar jagah tay karte hain	COORDINATES
6. Latitudes aur longitudes milkar kya banaate hain	GRID
7. India mein sab jo samay maante hain	IST
9. Duniya ke sabse upar	POLE
11. Wo line jahan din aur taareekh badalte hain	IDL (International Date Line)

Aur practice ke liye padho: map ke components, latitude aur longitude kya hai aur Indian Standard Time kya hai.