Map ke components kya hain?

Map kya hai?

Map kisi ilaake ka chitra hai, aise jaise use upar se dekha ja raha ho. Ye chhota ilaaka dikha sakta hai, jaise gaon ya kasba, bada, jaise zila ya rajya, ya bahut bada, jaise India ya poori duniya. Atlas maps ki kitaab ya sangrah hai.

Maps kai tarah ke hote hain. Physical maps mukhya roop se pahaad, samudra aur nadiyon jaisi prakritik cheezein dikhaate hain. Political maps desh ya rajya, seemaayein, shehar aur raajdhaaniyan dikhaate hain, jaise saare rajyon aur Union Territories waala India ka map. Thematic maps ek khaas tarah ki jaankaari dikhaate hain.

Map kisi bhi tarah ka ho, uske teen components use kaam ka banaate hain: doori, disha aur symbols.

Doori: scale

Poora shehar ek chhote kaagaz par kaise aa jaata hai? Map ke scale ki wajah se. Map ka har centimetre zameen ki ek tay doori dikhaata hai. Agar ek centimetre 500 metre dikhaaye, to scale likhte hain 1 cm = 500 m.

Kuch maps scale ko ek chhote ruler ki tarah dikhaate hain, jise scale bar kehte hain. Textbook ke Chapter 5 ke India map par 2.5 cm ka ruler 500 km dikhaata hai. Yaani 1 cm = 200 km.

Asli doori nikaalne ke liye:

1. Map par ruler se doori centimetre mein naapo.
2. Use us doori se guna karo jo 1 cm dikhaata hai.

Jaise, agar 1 cm = 200 km waale map par do kasbe 3 cm door hain, to zameen par ve 3 × 200 = 600 km door hain.

Ulta bhi kar sakte ho, yaani kisi cheez ko scale se banaana. Textbook 1 cm = 10 m scale par 40 m lamba aur 30 m chauda school playground banaane ko kehti hai.

Har lambaai ko 10 se bhaag do: playground 4 cm by 3 cm ka rectangle ban jaata hai. Uska diagonal naapo to 5 cm aata hai, isliye asli diagonal 5 × 10 = 50 m hai.

Disha

Zyaadatar maps mein north upar hota hai. North se clockwise chalo to east, south aur west aate hain. Ye chaar cardinal directions hain, jinhe cardinal points bhi kehte hain. Inke theek beech intermediate directions hain: northeast (NE), southeast (SE), southwest (SW) aur northwest (NW).

Kai maps saari aath dishaayein nahi banaate. Ve bas north ki taraf ishaara karta N likha teer dikhaate hain. North pata ho to baaki har disha nikal aati hai: map ko aise ghumao ki teer tumse door ki taraf ho, to east tumhaare daayein haath par hoga.

Neeche ke town map se practice karo. Beech ke chowk par khade hokar har jagah ki disha batao.

Chowk se school north mein hai aur railway station south mein. Market east mein hai aur temple west mein. Hospital northeast, bank southeast, lake southwest aur park northwest mein hai. Do jagahon ki tulna bhi kar sakte ho: market temple ke east mein hai, aur park bank ke northwest mein.

Symbols

Textbook ke shehar waale map mein imaaraton ke chhote chitra hain, par bade shehar ya poore desh ke map par sab banaane ki jagah nahi hoti. Isliye symbols use hote hain: railway station, school ya post office jaisi imaaraton ke liye, sadak aur railway line ke liye, aur nadi, taalaab ya jungle jaisi prakritik cheezon ke liye chhote chinh. Is tarah kam jagah mein bahut saari baatein aa jaati hain.

Alag-alag desh alag symbols use karte hain. India mein sarkaari sanstha Survey of India ne India ke maps ke liye symbols ka standard set tay kiya hai, taaki har koi unhe ek tarah padhe.

Rang bhi madad karte hain. Zyaadatar maps par neela rang paani dikhaata hai, jaise nadi, jheel aur samudra, aur hara rang aksar ped ya neechi zameen dikhaata hai.

Khud karke dekho

Apne mohalle ya gaon ka ek rough map banao. Apna ghar, school aur kuch landmarks, jaise dukaan, mandir ya taalaab, dikhao. N likha teer lagao, upar ke kuch symbols use karo, aur likho ki tumhaara ghar school se mote taur par kis disha mein hai. Maps ke saare textbook sawaalon ke liye Chapter 1 NCERT solutions dekho, aur baaki chapter ke liye Chapter 1 notes.