Plateau kya hai?
Short mein jawab
Plateau aisa landform hai jo aas-paas ki zameen se upar uthta hai aur jiska upari hissa lagbhag samtal hota hai, aksar kuch taraf khadi dhalaanon ke saath. Sabse bada aur sabse ooncha Tibetan Plateau ‘Roof of the World’ hai. Plateaus khanijon ke bhandaar hain, isliye mining zaroori hai, aur kai pe shaandaar jharne hain.
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Plateau ka matlab
Plateau aisa landform hai jo aas-paas ki zameen se upar uthta hai aur jiski upari satah lagbhag samtal hoti hai. Iski kuch taraf aksar khadi dhalaanein hoti hain. Ise zameen ki ek oonchi uthi mez samjho. Pahaadon ki tarah plateaus bhi dharti ke itihaas mein naye ya puraane ho sakte hain, aur inki oonchaai kuch sau metre se kai hazaar metre tak ho sakti hai.
Plateau, mountain ya plain?
| Mountain | Plateau | Plain | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Upari hissa | Patli choti | Lagbhag samtal | Samtal ya halka lehraata |
| Kinaare | Khadi dhalaanein | Kuch taraf khade | Bade pahaad ya gehri ghaatiyan nahi |
| Oonchaai | Aas-paas se kahin oonche | Kuch sau se kai hazaar metre | Aam taur par 300 m se kam |
Do mashhoor plateaus
- Tibetan Plateau duniya ka sabse bada aur sabse ooncha plateau hai. Iski ausat oonchaai lagbhag 4,500 m hai, isiliye iska naam ‘Roof of the World’ pada. Poorab se pashchim ye lagbhag 2,500 km lamba hai, lagbhag Chandigarh se Kanyakumari jitni doori.
- Madhya aur dakshin India ka Deccan Plateau duniya ke sabse puraane plateaus mein se hai. Ye laakhon saal pehle jwaalaamukhi gatividhi se bana.
Khanijon ke bhandaar
Pahaadon ki tarah plateaus bhi khanijon se bharpoor hain, isliye inhe ‘khanijon ke bhandaar’ kaha gaya hai. Plateaus pe mining ek bada kaam hai, aur duniya ki kai sabse badi khaanein yahin hain.
- East African Plateau sone aur heeron ki mining ke liye mashhoor hai.
- India mein Chhota Nagpur Plateau mein iron, coal aur manganese ke bade bhandaar hain.
In khanijon se steel banta hai, bijli ghar chalte hain aur machinein banti hain, isliye plateau ilaake udyog ke liye zaroori hain. Mining se kuch chunautiyan bhi aati hain, jaise kate jungle aur bigdi zameen, jinhe saavdhaani se sambhaalna zaroori hai.
Mitti aur kheti
Duniya bhar mein plateaus ka maahaul bahut alag-alag hai. Kai plateaus ki mitti pathreeli hai, jo plains ki mitti se kam upjaau hai, isliye ye kheti ke liye kam achhe hain. Apvaad hain lava plateaus, jo jwaalaamukhi gatividhi se bane, aur jinpe aksar upjaau kaali mitti hoti hai. Deccan Plateau ke kuch hisson mein aisi kaali mitti hai, jo nami achhi tarah rokti hai.
Jharne
Plateaus ke kinaaron se girti nadiyan kai shaandaar jharne banaati hain.
- Southern Africa mein Zambezi nadi pe Victoria Falls.
- Chhota Nagpur Plateau mein Subarnarekha nadi pe Hundru Falls.
- Western Ghats mein Sharavati nadi pe Jog Falls.
- Meghalaya ke Cherrapunji Plateau se 340 m girne waale Nohkalikai Falls.
Extra: chart ki baaki oonchaaiyan aam sroton se li gayi lagbhag sankhyaayein hain, sirf tulna ke liye.
Safar mein plateau
Chapter ki shuruaat mein ek road trip Jharkhand ke Chhota Nagpur ilaake se shuru hoti hai. Wahan plateau ka nazaara milega: lehraati oonchi zameen, pathreeli mitti, jungle, coal aur iron ki khaanein, aur Hundru jaise jharne. Jaise-jaise sadak Prayagraj ki taraf utarti hai, zameen samtal, upjaau maidaan ban jaati hai.
Doosre landforms ke liye padho mountains aur wahan ki zindagi aur plains kya hain. Textbook ke sawaalon ke liye dekho Chapter 3 ke NCERT solutions; poore chapter ke liye Chapter 3 ke notes.
Practice karo
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Plateaus ko aksar kya kehte hain?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (a) khanijon ke bhandaar
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Chhota Nagpur Plateau kismein dhani hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) iron, coal aur manganese
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Nohkalikai Falls kis plateau se girte hain?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (c) Cherrapunji Plateau
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Tibetan Plateau ko ‘Roof of the World’ kyun kehte hain?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: Ye duniya ka sabse bada aur sabse ooncha plateau hai, ausat oonchaai lagbhag 4,500 metre, isliye ye duniya ke zyaadatar hisse ke upar chhat ki tarah hai.
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Zyaadatar plateaus kheti ke liye plains se kam achhe kyun hain?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: Kai plateaus ki mitti pathreeli hai, jo plains ki mitti se kam upjaau hai. Lava plateaus apvaad hain, kyunki unpe aksar upjaau kaali mitti hoti hai.
Students ke sawal
Plateau kya hai?
Aisa landform jo aas-paas ki zameen se upar uthta hai aur jiski upari satah lagbhag samtal hoti hai; iski kuch taraf aksar khadi dhalaanein hoti hain. Plateaus kuch sau metre ya kai hazaar metre oonche ho sakte hain.
Chapter mein kaunse mukhya plateaus bataaye gaye hain?
Tibetan Plateau (sabse bada aur ooncha), madhya aur dakshin India ka Deccan Plateau (sabse puraanon mein se), Jharkhand ka Chhota Nagpur Plateau, East African Plateau, aur Meghalaya ka Cherrapunji Plateau.
Plateaus pe mining kyun zaroori hai?
Pahaadon ki tarah plateaus bhi khanijon se bharpoor hain aur khanijon ke bhandaar kehlaate hain. Duniya ki kai sabse badi khaanein plateaus pe hain, jaise East African Plateau ki sone aur heeron ki khaanein aur Chhota Nagpur Plateau ka iron, coal aur manganese.
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