Harappan cities ki town planning

Naksha bana kar basaayi cities

Badi Harappan cities aise hi nahi badhi. Wo pakke nakshon se banaayi gayi thin. Unki chaudi sadkein aksar dishaon ke hisaab se, north–south aur east–west, chalti thin, aur beech mein chhoti galiyan thin. Zyaadatar cities ke chaaron taraf fortification thi, yaani suraksha ke liye bani ek badi deewar.

Upper town aur lower town

Zyaadatar cities ke do alag hisse the. Upper town mein shaayad local elite rehte the, jaise shaasak, adhikaari, administrators aur aksar pujaari. Lower town mein aam log rehte the. Dholavira alag tha: uske teen zones the, aur uske middle town mein ghar 90 degree par milti sadkon ke kinaare the. Rajasthan ke Kalibangan mein lower town ki ek chaudi sadak aaj bhi dekhi ja sakti hai.

Ghar aur imaaratein

Kuch badi imaaratein milkar kaam aati thin, jaise godaam, jahan bhejne waala maal rakha jaata tha. Alag-alag size ke ghar sadkon aur galiyon ke kinaare the. Dilchasp baat ye hai ki chhote aur bade gharon ki banaawat ki quality ek jaisi thi. Imaaratein aam taur par eenton se bani thin; Dholavira mein zyaadatar imaaraton ki neev pattharon ki thi.

Great Bath

Mohenjo-daro ka mashhoor Great Bath ek chhota par khaas tank hai, lagbhag 12 × 7 metre. Uski eenten dhyaan se lagaayi gayi aur phir unpar prakritik bitumen, ek tarah ka taar, lagaaya gaya, taaki paani na rise. Uske chaaron taraf chhote kamre the, ek mein kuan tha, aur ek kone ki naali se ise khaali karke taaza paani bhara ja sakta tha.

Ye kis kaam aata tha? Archaeologists ne teen vichaar diye: public snaanghar, sirf shaahi parivaar ka snaanghar, ya dhaarmik rasmon ka tank. Pehla vichaar ab khaarij hai, kyunki Mohenjo-daro ke zyaadatar gharon mein apne bathroom the. Koi inscription, text ya yaatri ka vivran madad ke liye nahi hai, isliye baaki do par bahas abhi bhi chal rahi hai.

Naaliyan aur kuen

Harappans paani ke intezaam aur safaai ko bahut mahatva dete the. Gharon mein aksar nahaane ki alag jagah hoti thi, jo naaliyon ke ek bade network se judi thi; ye naaliyan aam taur par sadkon ke neeche chalti thin aur ganda paani door le jaati thin. Lothal ki naaliyan iska achha udaharan hain. Mohenjo-daro mein log eenton ke saikdon kuon se paani bharte the. Doosri jagah paani taalaabon, paas ke naalon ya insaan ke banaaye reservoirs se aata hoga.

Dholavira ke reservoirs aur Lothal ka dockyard

Gujarat ke sookhe Rann of Kutch mein bane Dholavira ne kam se kam chhah bade reservoirs pattharon se banaye ya chattaan kaat kar banaye. Chattaan mein kata ek reservoir 33 metre lamba hai, aur sabse bada 73 metre ka tha. Zyaadatar reservoirs zameen ke neeche ki naaliyon se jude the, taaki paani jama aur baanta ja sake. Samudri kinaare par Lothal mein ek bahut bada basin tha, 217 metre lamba aur 36 metre chauda, do football maidaanon se thoda lamba. Ye shaayad ek dockyard tha, jahan naavein aati-jaati thin.

Naksha humein kya batata hai

Itni saari naaliyan, kuen aur reservoirs banaane aur saaf rakhne ke liye bahut se mazdoor, saaf nirdesh aur lagaataar dekhbhaal chahiye thi. Isse lagta hai ki koi shaasak ya nagar ka administration tha, haalaanki, jaisa book kehti hai, archaeologists ke jawab hamesha aakhri nahi hote.

Poori civilisation ke baare mein padho Harappan civilisation kya thi? mein. Textbook ke sawaalon ke jawab Chapter 6 ke NCERT solutions mein hain; poore chapter ke liye Chapter 6 ke notes.