Class 7 Science Chapter 6: Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change (Hinglish Notes)

Ye chapter kis baare mein hai?

Beej ankurit hota hai, paudha banta hai, phir jawaan paudha, aur bahut baad mein jaakar usmein phool aur apne beej aate hain. Jaanwaron ko bhi bachche paida karne se pehle bada aur paripakv hona padta hai. Insaan bhi aise hi hain. Hamara jeevan paanch padaavon se guzarta hai, infancy aur bachpan se adolescence, adulthood aur budhaape tak. Lagbhag 10–12 saal tak hum zyaadatar lambe aur bhaari hote hain. Uske baad doosre badlaav shuru hote hain, aur vahi adolescence ki shuruaat hai, lagbhag 10 se 19 saal ka vo samay jab shareer tezi se badhta hai aur adulthood ki taiyaari karta hai. Chapter in badlaavon ko aur unhe zimmedaari aur khushi se jeene ke tareekon ko samjhaata hai.

Teenage ke saal

Garmi ki chhuttiyon mein Venkatesh apne daada-daadi ke ghar jaata hai, jahan uski mulaqaat cousin Devyani se hoti hai, jiski umar 12 saal hai. Dono ne ek-doosre mein kuch naya dekha: Venkatesh ki ab patli moonchh hai, Devyani ki lambaai kaafi badh gayi hai, aur Venkatesh ki aawaaz badli hui lagti hai. Activity 6.1 mein students aise badlaav kaagaz ki parchiyon par, bina naam ke, likhte hain, unhe ek jar mein daalte hain aur phir class mein un par charcha karte hain. Sabse aam badlaav Table 6.1 mein aate hain:

• Lambaai poore bachpan badhti hai, par sabse tez adolescence mein.
• Wazan, taakat aur shareer ka aakaar badalta hai: ladkon ke kandhe aur chhaati chaudi ho sakti hai, aur ladkiyon mein breasts ka vikas hota hai.
• Aawaaz badalti hai kyunki voice box badhta hai.
• Shareer ke baal bagal aur pubic hisse mein aate hain, aur ladkon ke chehre par baal aate hain.
• Pimples chehre par nikal sakte hain.

Padho adolescence mein kya badalta hai.

Aawaaz, baal aur twacha

Voice box, yaani larynx, gale ka vo hissa hai jo bolne mein madad karta hai. Adolescent ladkon mein ye kaafi badhta hai, isliye aawaaz bhaari aur gehri ho jaati hai, aur ye badhat gale mein ek ubhaar ke roop mein dikh sakti hai, jise Adam’s apple kehte hain, haalaanki har kisi mein ye saaf nahi dikhta. Ladkiyon mein voice box kam badhta hai, isliye aawaaz thodi hi badalti hai. Ladke aur ladkiyan dono ki bagal aur pubic hisse mein baal aate hain, aur ladkon ke chehre ke baal baad mein moonchh aur daadhi bante hain; kuch ladkon ki chhaati aur peeth par bhi baal aate hain, aur kuch mein bahut kam. Twacha bhi zyaada tel banaati hai, jo uske chhote pores band karke infection kar sakta hai: chhote laal pimples nikalte hain, jise acne kehte hain. Sabse badi baat ye hai ki ye badlaav alag-alag logon mein alag samay aur alag tarah se aate hain, aur har fark normal hai.

Puberty aur menstrual cycle

Kuch badlaav, jaise gehri aawaaz, ladkon mein chehre aur chhaati ke baal aur ladkiyon mein breasts, reproduction mein hissa nahi lete, par male aur female ko pehchaanne mein madad karte hain. Ye secondary sexual characteristics hain. Ye praakritik roop se dikhaate hain ki shareer adult banne ki taiyaari kar raha hai, aur inka aana puberty ki shuruaat hai, yaani vo daur jismein shareer bahar aur andar se badalkar reproduce kar sakne waala adult shareer banta hai. Andar, reproduction se jude hisse dheere-dheere paripakv hote hain. Ladkiyon mein menstrual cycle shuru hota hai. Ye aam taur par har 28–30 din mein dohraata hai, haalaanki swasth cycle 21 se 35 din tak ka bhi ho sakta hai. Menstruation, cycle ka vo hissa jab shareer se khoon bahar aata hai, teen se saat din chalta hai, aur us dauraan kuch ladkiyon ko pet ke nichle hisse mein dard ya bechaini hoti hai. Menstruation lagbhag 45–55 saal tak apne aap ruk jaata hai. Niyamit cycle achhi reproductive health ka nishaan hai, aur ladkiyon ko doosron se alag rakhne jaise myths ka koi vaigyanik aadhaar nahi hai. Padho puberty aur hormones kya hain.

Emotions aur vyavhaar

Adolescence sirf hamare dikhne ko nahi, hamare mehsoos karne aur bartaav ko bhi badalta hai. Bhaavnaayein aksar bachpan se zyaada tez hoti hain, aur mood bahut khush se udaas tak badal sakta hai. Activity 6.2 aur Table 6.2 mein aisi bhaavnaaon ko unke sambhaavit asar aur unka achha upyog karne ke tareekon se joda gaya hai: mood swings ko music, dance ya khel mein lagaaya ja sakta hai, aur tez bhaavnaaon aur samvedansheelta ko daya aur samaaj seva mein. Adolescents zarooratmand logon ki madad ki koshishon mein jud sakte hain ya kisi nayi cheez mein gehri ruchi le sakte hain. Bhaavnaayein hamare kaamon ko kaise prabhaavit karti hain, ye samajhna behtar faisle lene mein madad karta hai.

Adolescence ko khushnuma banaana

Paanch aadatein bahut fark daalti hain. Poshak khaana badhne aur khelne ke liye proteins aur carbohydrates deta hai, aur zaroori fats, vitamins aur minerals bhi (Table 6.3): haddiyon ke liye doodh, dahi aur paneer se calcium, aur khoon ke liye palak, rajma, kishmish aur anjeer se iron. Saaf-safai infections se bachaati hai; ladkiyon ko achhi menstrual hygiene chahiye, saaf sanitary pads ya kapde ke reusable pads ke saath, aur istemaal kiye pad ko akhbaar mein lapetkar dustbin mein daalna chahiye. Kasrat, khel aur yoga shareer aur mann ko fit rakhte hain aur mood achha karte hain. Santulit saamaajik jeevan ka matlab hai saamne aur online dono jagah vinamr aur izzat se pesh aana, aur cyberbullying se bachna. Aur aakhir mein, tambaaku, gutka, sharaab aur drugs ko pehli baar aur har baar NO kaho. Padho adolescence mein sehat ka dhyaan.

Nuksaandeh cheezon ko NO

Dost ya doosre log adolescents ko nuksaandeh cheezein aazmaane ke liye lalcha sakte hain ya dabaav daal sakte hain, aur jigyaasa us offer ko romaanchak bana sakti hai. Par tambaaku, sharaab aur drugs shareer aur mann dono ko nuksaan pahunchaate hain aur inki lat lag jaati hai: ek baar aazmaane se aur lene ki talab shuru ho sakti hai, aur phir niyamit istemaal, jise substance abuse kehte hain. Inse saans ki takleef, yaaddaasht ki kami aur phephdon ko nuksaan ho sakta hai. Majboot rehkar NO kehna sabse surakshit raasta hai. Lat se chhutkaara paane ka pehla kadam hai parivaar, doston ya teachers se madad lena, saath mein counselling aur doctor ki salaah. Sarkaar ka Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan jaagrookta failaata hai, aur National De-addiction Helpline 14446 hai.

‘Kyun’ ka sawaal: hormones

Ye saare badlaav isi umar mein kyun hote hain? Inmein se kai, jaise menstruation aur puberty ke doosre lakshan, mukhya roop se hormones ki wajah se hote hain, jo hamare shareer mein bane chemicals hain. Shareer ke kai hisson ki glands inhe banaati hain aur sahi samay par chhodti hain, jab dimaag signal bhejta hai. Ye badhna aur vikas niyantrit karte hain aur shareer ko theek se chalaate hain, aur inmein se kuch mood aur vyavhaar par bhi asar daalte hain.

Saar mein

Adolescence, lagbhag 10 se 19 saal, physical, andaruni, emotional aur behavioural badlaav laata hai, jo mukhya roop se hormones shuru karte hain. Puberty shareer ko reproduce karne laayak banaata hai, aur ladkiyon mein menstrual cycle shuru hota hai. Achha khaana, saaf-safai, kasrat, online bhi dayaaluta aur nuksaandeh cheezon ko pakka NO in saalon ko swasth rakhte hain, aur bharose ke bade logon se baat karna har chinta mein madad karta hai. Har activity aur sawaal ke jawaab Chapter 6 ke NCERT solutions mein hain.