NCERT Solutions Class 7 Science Chapter 6: Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change (Hinglish)

Curiosity, Class 7 Science ki kitaab (Reprint 2026-27) ke Chapter 6, Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change, ke har sawaal ke jawaab: text ke sawaal, Table 6.1 se 6.4 ke saath Activity 6.1 se 6.4, Science and Society aur Know a Scientist boxes, Let Us Enhance Our Learning ke dason sawaal aur Exploratory Projects. Page numbers kitaab ke hisaab se hain (pages 73–88). Activities ke jawaab aam nateeje batate hain; tumhari aur tumhari class ki asli observations khud likho. Chhote notes: Chapter 6 ke notes.

Venkatesh aur Devyani (page 74)

Unki baatcheet mein kya dilchasp hai? Pichhli mulaqaat ke baad dono ne ek-doosre mein badlaav dekhe: Venkatesh ki ab patli moonchh hai aur aawaaz badal gayi hai, aur Devyani ki lambaai kaafi badh gayi hai. Ye nishaan hain ki dono ka adolescence shuru ho chuka hai, bachpan aur adulthood ke beech ka vo padaav jab shareer tezi se badhta hai aur adult jeevan ki taiyaari shuru karta hai.

Activity 6.1 aur Table 6.1 (pages 74–75)

Table 6.1: badhte hue sabse aam badlaav (aam observations, list ke roop mein):

1. Lambaai: kai students ek-do saal mein tezi se lambe ho gaye hain. Grade 6 aur 7 mein kuch ladkiyan kai ladkon se pehle lambi ho jaati hain, aur ladke aksar baad mein barabar aa jaate hain.
2. Wazan aur taakat: wazan aur taakat badhti hai; students tez daud, zyaada der khel aur zyaada wazan utha sakte hain. Kuch ladkon ke kandhe aur chhaati chaudi hoti hai.
3. Dikhaavat: chehre par pimples, bagal mein baal, kuch ladkon mein patli moonchh, aur shareer ke aakaar ke badlaav, jaise ladkiyon mein breasts ka vikas.
4. Aawaaz: kai ladkon ki aawaaz bhaari aur kharkharaati hoti hai aur phir gehri ho jaati hai; ladkiyon ki aawaaz thodi hi badalti hai.
5. Vyavhaar: zyaada mood swings, privacy aur aazaadi ki chaah, doston ke saath zyaada samay, aur nayi ruchiyan.

Kya tumne khud mein inmein se koi badlaav dekha hai? Is umar ke zyaadatar students ne kuch badlaav dekhe hain. Agar abhi tak nahi, to vo bhi normal hai: har kisi mein badlaav alag samay par shuru hote hain.

Table 6.1 kya dikhaata hai (pages 75–77)

Adolescence mein lambaai sabse tez badhti hai; wazan, taakat aur shareer ka aakaar badalta hai; voice box badhta hai, isliye ladkon ki aawaaz gehri hoti hai aur Adam’s apple dikh sakta hai; bagal aur pubic hisse mein baal aate hain, aur ladkon ke chehre par baal aate hain; aur tel waali twacha se pimples (acne) nikal sakte hain. Inmein se kuch, jaise gehri aawaaz, ladkon mein chehre aur chhaati ke baal aur ladkiyon mein breasts, secondary sexual characteristics hain: ye male aur female ko pehchaanne mein madad karte hain par reproduction mein seedhe shaamil nahi hote. Inse puberty shuru hoti hai, jab shareer reproduce karne laayak banta hai, aur ladkiyon mein menstrual cycle shuru hota hai.

Activity 6.2 aur Table 6.2 (page 78)

Table 6.2: emotional badlaav, vyavhaar mein unka asar, aur unse aage badhne ke tareeke (list ke roop mein: badlaav → sambhaavit asar → aage badhne ka tareeka). Pehli do panktiyan kitaab mein di hui hain; baaki “Any other” ke udaaharan hain.

1. Mood swings → music, dance ya khel jaisi alag-alag activities apnaana → khud ko pehchaanna; aisi activities jo creativity aur naye vichaar laayein.
2. Tez bhaavnaayein → zyaada samvedansheelta → daya; samaaj seva mein hissa lena.
3. Jigyaasa → nayi cheezein aazmaane ki ichha → margdarshan ke saath naye hunar aur shauk seekhna.
4. Aazaad hone ki chaah → apne faisle khud lene ki ichha → zimmedaari lena; bado se salaah lena.
5. Doston jaisa banne ki chaah → doston ke vyavhaar ki nakal → doston ko samajhdaari se chunna; zaroorat ho to mana karna.
6. Apne roop ko lekar sankoch → pimples, lambaai ya wazan ki chinta → yaad rakhna ki har kisi ke badlaav apni raftaar se aate hain; bharose ke kisi bade se baat karna.

Activity 6.3 aur Table 6.3 (page 79)

Table 6.3: khaana, usmein maujood nutrients, aur ve nutrients kya karte hain (khaali jagah bhari, do extra panktiyon ke saath, list ke roop mein: khaana → nutrients → kaam):

1. Doodh, dahi, paneer, cheese aur millets → calcium, proteins aur fats → haddiyon ka sahi vikas, mazboot daant, aur fats se energy.
2. Dal, chana, soybean, ande, machhli aur moongphali → proteins → sahi badhat, taakat aur energy, aur shareer ki marammat.
3. Palak, rajma (kidney beans), kishmish aur anjeer → iron → khoon banaana, jo oxygen le jaata hai, aur anaemia se bachaav.
4. Chaawal, gehoon, millets aur aaloo (extra pankti) → carbohydrates → kaam aur khel ke liye energy.
5. Phal aur sabziyan, amla aur neembu (extra pankti) → vitamins, minerals aur fibre → beemaari se bachaav aur achha paachan.

Science and Society: iron aur vitamin B12 (page 80)

Aisi health problems ke baare mein pata karo. Mukhya samasya anaemia hai, jismein khoon mein haemoglobin bahut kam ya swasth red blood cells bahut kam hote hain, isliye shareer tak kam oxygen pahunchti hai. Iron ki kami se iron-deficiency anaemia hota hai, aur vitamin B12 ki kami se ek doosri tarah ka anaemia. Lakshan hain thakaan, kamzori, peeli twacha aur naakhoon, saans phoolna, chakkar aana aur dhyaan na lagna. Adolescent ladkiyon ko zyaada khatra hai kyunki har mahine menstruation mein kuch khoon nikalta hai aur badhte shareer ko zyaada iron chahiye.

Iron ki kami kaise sambhaalein?

• Roz iron waala khaana khao: palak aur methi jaisi hari pattedaar sabziyan, rajma, chana aur doosri daalein, gud, khajoor, kishmish aur anjeer, aur bajra jaise millets; jo khaate hain unke liye ande, machhli aur meat.
• Khaane ke saath amla, neembu, amrood ya santra jaisa vitamin C ka srot lo, kyunki ye shareer ko iron lene mein madad karta hai; khaane ke theek saath chai mat piyo, jo ise kam karti hai.
• Iron aur folic acid ki goliyan sirf doctor ya school health programme ki salaah par lo, aur pet ke keedon ki goli mile to lo, kyunki keede khoon ki kami karte hain.

Sarkaari yojanaayein: Anaemia Mukt Bharat bachchon, adolescents aur mahilaon ko iron aur folic acid ki goliyan deta hai (adolescents school ya anganwadi mein hafte mein ek goli lete hain), saath mein keedon ki dawa aur anaemia ki jaanch; National Deworming Day saal mein do baar hota hai; aur iron, folic acid aur vitamin B12 se fortified chaawal ration ki dukaanon aur PM POSHAN ke school bhojan mein diya jaata hai.

Know a Scientist: Dorothy Hodgkin (page 80)

Vitamin B12 ke srot: doodh, dahi, paneer aur cheese, ande, machhli, chicken aur meat. Paudhon se bane khaane mein ye lagbhag nahi hota, isliye shaakaahaari log doodh se bani cheezon aur fortified khaane par nirbhar rehte hain. Dorothy Hodgkin ne X-rays ki madad se penicillin, vitamin B12 aur insulin ke structures pata lagaaye. Unse pehle chemistry ka Nobel jeetne waali do mahilaayein Marie Curie (1911) aur unki beti Irene Joliot-Curie (1935) thin.

Science and Society: menstrual hygiene ki yojanaayein (page 81)

Is box mein koi sawaal nahi hai, par chaar tarah ki madad yaad rakhna kaam ka hai: Menstrual Hygiene Scheme, jo gaanvon ki adolescent ladkiyon ko sanitary pads bina kisi kharch ke ya kam daam par deti hai, saath mein jaagrookta programme; Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram, jo peer education ke zariye adolescents ki poori sehat ka, menstrual health samet, dhyaan rakhta hai; Suvidha pahal, jo Jan Aushadhi Kendras par biodegradable pads saste mein deti hai; aur Karnataka ki Shuchi jaisi rajya yojanaayein, aur Tamil Nadu aur Odisha ke sarkaari schools mein pads baantna.

Shaareerik gatividhiyan (page 81)

Kya tum niyamit kasrat karte ho? Kaunsi kasrat karte ho? Ek namoona jawaab: “Shaam ko football ya kabaddi, das minute rassi koodna, aur zyaadatar subah yoga: Tadasana, Bhujangasana (Fig. 6.2 ka cobra pose) aur Paschimottanasana (Fig. 6.2 ka baithkar aage jhukna).” Adolescents ko din mein lagbhag ek ghanta active khel ya kasrat ka lakshya rakhna chahiye.

Santulit saamaajik jeevan aur Activity 6.4 (pages 82–83)

Table 6.4: social media par dos aur don’ts (khaali jagah bhari, aur panktiyon ke saath, do lists ke roop mein):

• Dos: izzat aur dayaaluta se pesh aao; post karne se pehle socho; accounts private aur passwords gupt rakhkar privacy bachao; kuch bhi share karne se pehle sach jaancho; online kuch pareshaan kare to maata-pita ya teacher ko batao; screen time seemit rakho aur break lo.
• Don’ts: apni niji photos ajnabiyon ya sirf online jaane hue doston ko kabhi mat bhejo; chot pahunchaane waale, jhoothe ya gumraah karne waale messages post ya forward mat karo; apna pata, phone number, school ya location share mat karo; bully karne waale messages ka jawaab ya forward mat karo; maata-pita ke bina kisi online dost se milne mat jaao; anjaan links par click ya anjaan apps download mat karo.

Poster ke idea: “Post se pehle socho”, “Tumhara password sirf tumhara”, “Online bhi meethe bol”, “Online ajnabi = offline ajnabi”, aur “Bully kiya gaya? Block karo, saboot rakho, bade ko batao.”

Let Us Enhance Our Learning (pages 85–87)

1. Ramesh ke pimples.

• (i) Kaaran: adolescence mein hormones twacha se zyaada tel banwaate hain. Ye extra tel, dhool aur mari twacha ke saath, twacha ke pores band kar sakta hai, aur band pore mein keetanu infection kar sakte hain, isliye chhote laal pimples nikalte hain. Ye sthiti acne hai, jo badhne ka ek normal hissa hai.
• (ii) Aaraam ke tareeke: din mein do-teen baar saaf paani ya halke saabun se chehra halke se dhoye; pimples ko na dabaaye na noche, kyunki isse infection failta hai aur daag rehte hain; haath aur tel waale baal chehre se door rakhe; taaze phal aur sabziyan khaaye aur khoob paani piye; aur pimples zyaada ya dard waale hon to doctor ko dikhaaye.

2. Kaunsa food group behtar hai? (ii), roti, chaawal, dal, sabzi, salad aur dahi waali ghar ki thaali. Isse carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals aur fibre milte hain, yaani vo balanced diet jo tezi se badhte adolescent shareer ko chahiye. Group (i), burger, fries, pizza aur doughnut, mein fat, cheeni aur namak zyaada aur fibre, vitamins aur minerals kam hain; aisa khaana aksar khaane se wazan badh sakta hai aur sehat bigad sakti hai.

3. Seedhe kiye gaye shabd. (i) menstruation; (ii) voice box; (iii) puberty; (iv) alcohol aur drugs.

4. Kya Shalu sahi hai? Nahi. Lamba hona aur shareer par baal aana sirf kuch badlaav hain. Adolescence andaruni badlaav (reproduction se jude hisse paripakv hote hain, aur ladkiyon mein menstrual cycle shuru hota hai), emotional badlaav (mood swings, tez bhaavnaayein, zyaada samvedansheelta) aur behavioural badlaav (nayi ruchiyan, doston ka asar, doosron ki madad ki koshishon mein judna) bhi laata hai. Behtar varnan: “Adolescence lamba hone aur shareer par baal aane jaise physical badlaavon ke saath andaruni, emotional aur behavioural badlaav bhi laata hai, jo hamein adulthood ke liye taiyaar karte hain.”

5. In baaton ko jaanchne ke sawaal.

• (i) “Adolescents ko behavioural badlaavon ki chinta karne ki zaroorat nahi.” Poochho: Kya hamari bhaavnaayein hamare vyavhaar par asar daalti hain? Kya mood swings ya doston ka dabaav aise faisle karwa sakta hai jinka baad mein pachhtaava ho? In badlaavon ko samajhna behtar faisle lene mein kaise madad karta hai? Uljhan ho to hum kiske paas jaa sakte hain? Jawaab dikhaate hain ki behavioural badlaavon par dhyaan, samajh aur margdarshan chahiye, isliye ye baat sahi nahi, haalaanki inse ghabraane ki bhi zaroorat nahi.
• (ii) “Agar koi ek baar nuksaandeh cheez aazmaa le, to use jab chaahe chhoda ja sakta hai.” Poochho: “Lat lagna” ka kya matlab hai? “Bas ek baar” se shuru karne waale log niyamit istemaal tak kyun pahunch jaate hain? Kya lat waale logon ke liye chhodna aasaan hota hai? Agar chhodna aasaan hota, to sarkaar de-addiction helpline kyun chalaati? Jawaab dikhaate hain ki ye baat galat hai: ye cheezein baar-baar lene ki tez talab paida karti hain, isliye surakshit raasta pehli baar hi NO kehna hai.

6. Is umar ke doosre behavioural badlaav: zyaada aazaadi aur privacy ki chaah; doston ke saath zyaada samay bitaana aur unke vyavhaar ki nakal karna; hamumron ki or khinchaav mehsoos karna; zyaada jigyaasa aur nayi, kabhi-kabhi jokhim bhari cheezein aazmaane ki ichha; music, khel, art ya science mein gehri ruchi; nyaay ki tez samajh aur zarooratmand logon ki madad ki chaah; apne roop ki zyaada chinta; kabhi-kabhi maata-pita se zyaada behas; aur online zyaada samay. Ye sab normal hain, aur bharose ke bado se baat karna inhe achhe se sambhaalne mein madad karta hai.

7. Doston ko dene ke liye menstrual hygiene aur safai ki aadatein:

• Saaf sanitary pads, ya is kaam ke liye bane saaf kapde ke reusable pads istemaal karo, aur unhe samay par badlo, har 4 se 6 ghante mein ya zaroorat ho to pehle.
• Pad badalne se pehle aur baad mein saabun se haath dho, aur roz nahao.
• Kapde ke reusable pads saabun se dhokar dhoop mein sukhao.
• Istemaal kiye pad ko akhbaar ya uske wrapper mein lapetkar dhakkan waale dustbin mein daalo; use kabhi khule mein mat chhodo, jaisa Mohini ne dekha, na hi toilet mein flush karo.
• Toilet mein dustbin, paani ya saabun na ho to school staff ko batao; ek extra pad saath rakho; jahan ho sake biodegradable pads chuno.
• Menstruation ke baare mein khulkar aur pyaar se baat karo, taaki kisi ladki ko madad maangne mein sharm na aaye.

8. Mary aur Manoj ko alag salaah kyun mili? Dono ubhaar ek jaise dikhte hain par unke kaaran alag hain. Mary ka ubhaar shaayad goitre tha, yaani gardan ki thyroid gland ki soojan, jo shareer ko bahut kam iodine milne se hoti hai. Isliye doctor ne use dawa aur iodine waala khaana diya; iodised namak iska bachaav karta hai. Manoj ka ubhaar uska Adam’s apple tha, jo adolescence mein voice box ke badhne se banta hai, khaaskar ladkon mein. Ye badhne ka praakritik hissa hai aur ise kisi ilaaj ki zaroorat nahi.

9. Adolescence ke physical badlaav (table list ke roop mein):

• Sirf ladkon mein: (iii) moonchh; (iv) chehre ke baal.
• Sirf ladkiyon mein: (ii) breasts ka vikas.
• Ladke aur ladkiyan dono mein: (i) aawaaz ka badalna*; (v) pimples; (vi) pubic hisse mein baal; (vii) bagal mein baal.

*Voice box ladke aur ladkiyan dono mein badhta hai, isliye aawaaz dono ki badalti hai; ladkon mein ye badlaav saaf hota hai, unki aawaaz bhaari aur gehri ho jaati hai, aur ladkiyon mein thoda.

10. Poster: swasth jeevan ke tips. Uska title, jaise Healthy Teens, Happy Teens, rakho aur ye baatein likho: dal, millets, doodh, phal aur hari sabziyon waala balanced diet lo, aur tali aur meethi cheezein kam khao; khoob paani piyo; roz nahao aur achhi menstrual hygiene rakho; din mein lagbhag ek ghanta khelo, daudo, rassi koodo ya yoga karo; raat ko lagbhag nau ghante so; online bhi dayaalu aur saavdhaan raho; tambaaku, sharaab aur drugs ko NO kaho; aur chinta ho to maata-pita, teachers ya counsellor se baat karo.

Exploratory Projects (page 88)

Yuvaaon ki maansik sehat par interview. School counsellors, district hospital ke psychologists ya doctors, aur yuva helplines ya jaagrookta camps chalaane waali sthaaniya sansthaon se baat kar sakte ho. Poochhne laayak paanch sawaal:

1. Yuvaaon mein aap sabse zyaada kaunsi maansik sehat ki samasyaayein dekhte hain?
2. Kaunse shuruaati lakshan batate hain ki kisi yuva ko madad ki zaroorat hai?
3. Students exam, doston ya parivaar ke tanaav ko kaise sambhaal sakte hain?
4. Phone aur social media par bahut zyaada samay yuvaaon ke mann par kya asar daalta hai?
5. Agar koi dost udaas ya chup-chup lage to uska saath kaise dein, aur yuva madad kahan se le sakte hain? (Bharat ki national mental health helpline, Tele MANAS, 14416 hai.)

Role play: “Child marriage: a social evil”. Chhote drishya banao: ek parivaar 14 saal ki ladki ki shaadi tay kar raha hai; ek teacher aur dost nuksaan samjhaate hain; aur ladki waapas school jaati hai. Mukhya baatein: Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 ke anusaar shaadi ke liye ladki kam se kam 18 aur ladka kam se kam 21 saal ka hona chahiye; jaldi shaadi se aksar ladki ki padhaai chhoot jaati hai; shareer poori tarah bada hone se pehle pregnancy maa aur bachche dono ki sehat ko khatre mein daalti hai aur anaemia badhaati hai; aur bachche apna bachpan aur apna bhavishya banaane ka mauka kho dete hain. Child marriage ki shikaayat Childline number 1098 par ki ja sakti hai.

International Yoga Day, 21 June. Teachers ke saath khuli jagah, mats aur khaali pet ka samay chuno. Warm-up stretches se shuru karo, phir Tadasana (palm tree pose), Vrikshasana (tree pose), Bhujangasana (cobra pose) aur Paschimottanasana (baithkar aage jhukna) jaise aasaan aasan karo, aur Shavasana ke saath khatam karo, phir Anulom Vilom jaisi dheemi saans. Jo pose dard de use rok do, aur camp ko kisi trained teacher ki dekh-rekh mein chalao.

Chhote notes aur practice topic pages pe hain: adolescence mein kya badalta hai, adolescence mein sehat ka dhyaan aur puberty aur hormones kya hain.