Class 7 Social Science Part 2 Chapter 7: Infrastructure: Engine of India’s Development (Hinglish Notes)
Ye chapter 5 lines mein
Infrastructure: Engine of India’s Development un bhautik dhaanchon ke baare mein hai jo desh ko chalaate hain: sadak, pul, railway, metro, airport, bandargah, bijli, paani aur communication ke network. Ye khet aur factory ko bazaar se jodte hain, roz ki zindagi aasaan banaate hain, aapda mein madad karte hain aur naukriyan dete hain. Chapter batata hai ki India mein sadak, rail, hawai, samudri aur communication ke saadhan kaise badhe, aur saarvajanik infrastructure ki dekhbhaal sabki zimmedaari kyun hai.
Ye chapter kis baare mein hai?
Socho ek subah na sadak hai, na bus, na phone ka signal, na bijli aur nal mein paani bhi nahi. School pahunchna, ya bazaar tak raashan pahunchaana, lagbhag namumkin ho jaayega. Jo cheezein hamein yaad aayengi, chapter unhe physical infrastructure kehta hai: asli dhaanchon ka bada network jo shehron aur gaon ko chalaata hai. Isme transport, bijli aur paani ki pipeline jaisi utilities, communication networks aur energy ke saadhan jaise windmill, solar park aur pipelines aate hain. School, hospital, police station aur park social infrastructure hain.
Infrastructure kyun zaroori hai
Rishabh Delhi se Nashik ke paas apne ghar Talegaon jaata hai: car, metro, train, bus aur auto-rickshaw se, aur raaste mein phone se apni location bhejta hai. Bus mein usse Satish milta hai, jo tamatar ugaata hai. Nahar aur bijli ke pump uske khet ko paani dete hain, sadak fasal ko shehar le jaati hai, cold storage use taaza rakhta hai aur internet bhaav batata hai. Puzzle ke tukdon ki tarah har hissa zaroori hai. Infrastructure utpaadakon ko bazaar se jodta hai, desh ke andar aur bahar vyapaar badhaata hai, paryatan mein madad karta hai, door ke ilaakon tak pahunchta hai, baadh aur bhookamp mein madad jaldi pahunchaata hai, aur sena ko har tarah ke ilaake tak le jaata hai. Aur padho infrastructure kya hai mein.
Transport infrastructure
India ka sadak network duniya mein doosra sabse bada hai: gaon ki sadakon se state highways, national highways aur expressways tak. National highways lagbhag 150,000 km lambe hain, aur NH44, Srinagar se Kanyakumari tak 4,112 km chalta hai. Dhola Sadiya Bridge jaise pul chaudi nadiyaan paar karaate hain, aur Meghalaya ke living root bridges ped ki jadon se ugaaye jaate hain.
Angrez 1853 mein railways laaye taaki kachcha maal bandargahon tak jaaye aur desh pe kabza mazboot ho. Aaj trains roz 2 crore se zyaada yaatri le jaati hain, maal dhone mein truck se kaafi kam energy lagaati hain aur lagbhag poori tarah bijli se chalti hain. Metro 23 shehron mein chalti hai, India mein 159 airport hain, aur bandargah lagaataar zyaada maal sambhaal rahe hain. Dekho India mein transport infrastructure.
Communication infrastructure
Jab Madhya Pradesh ki Rani Tamil Nadu mein apni cousin ko voice note bhejti hai, to wo mobile tower, zameen ke neeche fibre cables, satellites aur door ke servers se hokar jaata hai. Pehle sandesh kabootar aur harkaare le jaate the; phir akhbaar, telegraph, telephone, radio, television aur internet aaye. J. C. Bose ne 1895 mein Calcutta mein wireless signal dikhaaye. Aaj ye network online class, aapda ke alert, e-commerce aur e-governance laata hai. Padho communication infrastructure kya hai.
Milkar infrastructure ki dekhbhaal
Sadak pe kooda, deewaron pe daag, smaarakon pe likhaai aur gaddhe sabki zindagi mushkil karte hain. Sthaaniya sansthaaon ko kooda prabandhan, sewer, traffic, peene ka paani aur footpath sudhaarne chahiye, aur naye projects saaf energy waale aur bachchon, buzurgon aur divyang logon ke liye theek hone chahiye. Bahut pehle Kautilya ke Arthashastra ne sadakon ki chaudaai aur saarvajanik kaamon ko nuksaan pe jurmaana tay kiya tha. Naagrikon ko infrastructure dhyaan se istemaal karna chahiye aur nuksaan ki shikaayat karni chahiye. Har sawaal ka jawab Part 2 Chapter 7 ke NCERT solutions mein hai.
Key terms (zaroori shabd)
| Term | Matlab |
|---|---|
| Physical infrastructure | Asli dhaanchon ka wo network jo gaon aur shehar ko chalaata hai: transport, bijli aur paani ki pipeline jaisi utilities, communication networks aur energy ke saadhan. |
| Social infrastructure | Logon ki bhalaai ke liye suvidhaayein, jaise school, hospital, police aur fire station, court, park, library aur community centre. |
| State highway | Wo sadak jo ek state ke andar shehron aur zilon ko jodti hai, aur jise state apne public works department se banaata aur sambhaalta hai. |
| National highway | Badi sadak jo alag states ke shehron ko jodti hai, aur jise central government banaati aur sambhaalti hai. NH44 sabse lamba hai, Srinagar se Kanyakumari tak 4,112 km. |
| Expressway | Bahut tez raftaar waali sadak jo alag states ke shehron ko jodti hai, central government ki banaayi, jaise Delhi–Meerut Expressway. |
| Golden Quadrilateral | Highways ka network jo chaar bade shehron ko jodta hai: Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai aur Kolkata. |
| Living root bridge | Indian rubber tree ki jadon se ugaaya gaya pul, jise Meghalaya ke Khasi aur Jaintia log banaate hain; Khasi mein ise jingkieng jri kehte hain. |
| Electrification | Trains ko koyle ya diesel ki jagah bijli se chalaana. 2024 mein India ke railway network ka lagbhag 97 pratishat hissa bijli waala tha. |
| TEU | Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit: container jahazon ki kshamta aur bandargah ke kaam ka naap. Ek TEU lagbhag 33 cubic metre hota hai. |
| E-commerce | Online platforms ya internet pe saamaan aur sevaayein khareedna ya bechna. |
| E-governance | Communication technology se sarkaari sevaayein dena, jaise DigiLocker app jisme Aadhaar card jaise documents online rakhe jaate hain. |
| Patent | Sarkaar ya sanstha ka diya hua adhikaar ki kuch saalon tak sirf ek vyakti ya company hi kisi aavishkaar ko bana, bech ya istemaal kar sake. |
Is chapter ke topics
Practice karo
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Inme se social infrastructure kaunsa hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Hospital
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National highways kaun banaata aur sambhaalta hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (c) Central government
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Dhola Sadiya Bridge Assam ko kisse jodta hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Arunachal Pradesh
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Angrez India mein railways kis saal laaye?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) 1853
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Logon aur saamaan ko le jaane ka sabse tez tareeka kaunsa hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (c) Hawai jahaz
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1895 mein Calcutta mein microwaves se wireless signal kisne dikhaaye?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) J. C. Bose
Students ke sawal
Class 7 SST Part 2 Chapter 7 ke mukhya topics kya hain?
Physical infrastructure kya hai aur kyun zaroori hai, Rishabh ke safar aur Satish ke tamatar ke zariye; transport infrastructure (sadak, pul, railways, metro, hawai yaatra, jahaz aur bandargah); communication infrastructure, runners se 5G tak aur J. C. Bose; social infrastructure; aur saarvajanik infrastructure ke prati hamaari saajha zimmedaari, Kautilya ke Arthashastra ke niyamon ke saath.
Kya Infrastructure: Engine of India’s Development nayi NCERT kitaab mein hai?
Haan. Ye Exploring Society: India and Beyond, Class 7 Social Science ki kitaab Part 2 (2026-27) ka Chapter 7 hai, pages 169 se 192 tak, theme Economic Life Around Us mein. Ye The State, the Government, and You ke baad aata hai.
Infrastructure ko vikaas ka engine kyun kehte hain?
Kyunki lagbhag har aarthik kaam is pe tika hai. Sadak, railways, bandargah aur airport saamaan ko bazaar tak le jaate hain, bijli aur paani khet aur factory chalaate hain, aur communication khareedne aur bechne waalon ko jodta hai. Achha infrastructure naukriyan banaata hai, kamaai badhaata hai aur zindagi aasaan karta hai, isliye poori arthvyavastha tez chalti hai.
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