Infrastructure kya hai?

Infrastructure ke bina ek din

Socho tum school ke liye nikle aur na sadak hai, na bus, na phone ka signal, na bijli aur nal mein paani bhi nahi. Bazaar tak kuch nahi pahunchega aur tum school nahi pahunch paaoge. Jo kuch gayab hai wo physical infrastructure hai: asli dhaanchon ka bada network jo hamaare shehron aur gaon ko chalaata hai. Delhi–Meerut Expressway, duniya ka sabse ooncha railway pul Chenab Rail Bridge, aur India ka sabse lamba samudri pul Atal Setu iske naye udaaharan hain.

Infrastructure ke prakaar

Physical infrastructure ke chaar mukhya prakaar hain. Transport mein sadak, pul, surang, railways, airport aur bandargah aate hain. Utilities bijli ki line aur pipeline se gharon tak bijli aur paani pahunchaati hain. Communication networks mein internet, telephone lines aur telecom towers hain. Energy infrastructure mein windmill, solar park aur tel aur gas ki pipelines hain, jaise Tamil Nadu mein Muppandal ka wind farm ya Cochin airport ka solar plant.

Ek safar, kai dhaanche

Rishabh Delhi se apne ghar Talegaon, Nashik (Maharashtra) jaata hai. Wo car se ek chaude pul ko paar karta hai, traffic se bachne ke liye metro leta hai, train mein baithta hai, maa ko phone karke location bhejta hai, kai flyovers se guzarti bus mein jaata hai aur aakhir mein auto-rickshaw se ghar pahunchta hai. Ek safar mein sadak, pul, metro, railways, mobile network, flyovers aur bus stand sab kaam aate hain.

Khet se bazaar tak

Bus mein Rishabh ko Satish milta hai, jo tamatar ugaata hai aur mandi se laut raha hai. Uske tamatar sirf dhoop aur baarish ka tohfa nahi hain. Nahar aur bijli ke pump khet ko paani dete hain, achhi sadakon se truck fasal shehar le jaate hain, cold storage use taaza rakhta hai, aur internet use beej-khaad aur bazaar ke bhaav batata hai. Ek tukda bhi gayab ho to poori kadi toot jaati hai.

Desh ki reedh ki haddi

Infrastructure logon, samudaayon aur vyapaar ki zindagi aasaan karta hai aur sarkaar ko theek se kaam karne deta hai. Transport un jagahon ko bazaar se jodta hai jahan saamaan ugta ya banta hai, isliye desh ke andar aur bahar vyapaar badhta hai, jaise puraane vyapaar maargon se badhta tha. Ye paryatan badhaata hai, door ke ilaakon ko jodta hai, baadh ya bhookamp mein madad jaldi pahunchaata hai, aur sena ko har tarah ke ilaake tak pahunchaakar desh ki suraksha mazboot karta hai.

Social infrastructure

School, college, training centre, hospital, health centre, police aur fire station, court, park, library aur community centre social infrastructure hain. Ye logon ko padha-likha, swasth, surakshit aur jude hue rakhte hain, jisse samudaay aur poora samaaj aage badhta hai.

Milkar dekhbhaal

Jab sadak pe kooda faila ho, deewaron pe daag hon aur smaarakon pe likha ho, to saarvajanik infrastructure kharaab hota hai aur iski keemat har naagrik chukaata hai. Panchayaton aur nagar palikaaon ko kooda prabandhan, sewer, traffic, saaf peene ka paani aur chalne laayak footpath behtar karne honge. Naya infrastructure solar panel jaisi saaf energy waala ho, prakriti ko kam nuksaan pahunchaaye, railway track paar karte jaanwaron ko bachaaye, aur bachchon, buzurgon aur divyang logon ke liye theek ho. Naagrik bhi ise dhyaan se istemaal karein aur gaddhon jaise nuksaan ki shikaayat karein.

Arthashastra ki seekh

Kautilya ka Arthashastra batata hai ki state, grama aur sabhaayein sadakon aur jalmaargon ko banaati aur sambhaalti thin. Isne traffic ke hisaab se sadakon ki chaudaai tay ki: shaahi highways aur gaon ki sadakon ke liye 16 m, jangal aur shehar ki sadakon ke liye 8 m aur rath ki sadakon ke liye 2.5 m. Jo talaab ka baandh tode, park ki baad tode ya jalmaargon aur jangalon ke raaste roke, us pe jurmaana bhi lagta tha.

Ye kyun zaroori hai

Infrastructure ko jude hue tukdon ki tarah dekhne se tum samajh paate ho ki tumhaare ilaake mein kya hai aur kya kami hai. Aage padho India mein transport infrastructure aur communication infrastructure kya hai. Textbook ke sawaalon ke jawab Part 2 Chapter 7 ke NCERT solutions mein hain; poore Part 2 Chapter 7 ke notes dekho.