Mishran aur yaugik mein antar (mixture vs compound)

Padaarthon ko jodne ke do tareeke

Padaarth do bahut alag tareekon se saath aa sakte hain. Unhe bas milaaya ja sakta hai, jaise paani mein cheeni ya bajri mein ret, jisse koi naya padaarth nahi banta. Ya ve react karke chemical roop se judkar kuch naya bana sakte hain, jaise hydrogen aur oxygen paani mein. Pehle se mishran banta hai, doosre se yaugik. Dono ek jaise dikh sakte hain, kyunki dono uniform lag sakte hain, isliye unhe pehchaanne ke liye jaanch chahiye.

Paanch antar

Mishran sirf milaane se banta hai, jabki yaugik chemical reaction se. Mishran mein hisse kisi bhi anupaat mein ho sakte hain: paani mein thodi ya bahut cheeni. Yaugik mein hamesha wahi nishchit anupaat hota hai: paani mein hamesha har oxygen atom ke saath do hydrogen atoms. Mishran mein har hissa apne gun rakhta hai, par yaugik ke gun naye hote hain. Mishranon ko magnet, chhaanne ya bhaap banaane jaise physical tareekon se alag kar sakte hain; yaugikon ko nahi. Hawa, samudra ka paani aur peetal mishran hain; paani, namak aur cheeni yaugik.

Iron aur sulfur ka test

Activity 8.5 do jaani-pehchaani cheezon se ye antar dikhaati hai. Lagbhag 5.6 g dhoosar-kaala iron ka boora aur 3.2 g peela sulfur powder watch glass par achhi tarah milaaya jaata hai: ye Sample A hai. Iska aadha hissa china dish mein halke se, hilaate hue, garam kiya jaata hai jab tak kaala dhela na ban jaaye, jise thanda karke pees liya jaata hai: ye Sample B hai. Garam sulfur dhuaan deta hai, isliye teacher ye kadam aisi jagah dikhaate hain jahan dhuaan surakshit nikal jaaye, hood ke neeche ya khuli khidkiyon ke paas. Phir dono samples ki kadam-dar-kadam tulna hoti hai.

Nateeje padhna

Sample A mein kaale aur peele dono kan dikhte hain, isliye ye non-uniform mishran hai, aur magnet iron ke boore ko kheench leta hai. Dilute hydrochloric acid ki kuch boondein daalne par iron hydrogen deta hai, ek berang, be-gandh gas jo pop ke saath jalti hai, jabki sulfur tube ke tale mein peele thos ki tarah bacha rehta hai: iron + dilute hydrochloric acid → iron chloride + hydrogen. Sample B poora kaala hai, aur magnet ka us par koi asar nahi. Dilute hydrochloric acid ke saath iron sulfide iron chloride aur hydrogen sulfide deta hai, ek gas jisse sade ande jaisi badboo aati hai. Garmi ne naya yaugik banaaya: iron + sulfur → iron sulfide. Aisi gas ko sirf haath se halke se apni taraf hawa karke soongho, kabhi seedhe nahi. Do alag gases sabse saaf sanket hain ki Sample B ab iron aur sulfur ka saath-saath hona nahi, ek naya padaarth hai.

Aas-paas ke mishran aur yaugik

Wahi oxygen mishran mein bhi ho sakti hai aur yaugik mein bhi. Hawa mein wo nitrogen ke saath mili hai aur apne gun rakhti hai; paani mein wo hydrogen se judi hai, aur ye yaugik aag ko badhaane ki jagah bujhaata hai. Agar paani sirf hydrogen aur oxygen ka mishran hota, to wo pyaas aur aag bujhaane ki jagah jalta aur phatta. Peetal aur kaansa jaise alloys mishran hain; jang (rust) aur iron sulfide yaugik. Dekho mishran aur shuddh padaarth, tatva aur yaugik, Chapter 8 ke notes aur NCERT solutions.