Class 7 Social Science Chapter 10: The Constitution of India — An Introduction (Hinglish Notes)
Ye chapter 5 lines mein
The Constitution of India — An Introduction batata hai ki constitution desh ki rulebook hai. Bharat ka samvidhaan Constituent Assembly ne likha, 26 November 1949 ko apnaaya aur 26 January 1950 ko laagu kiya. Aazaadi ke andolan, Bharat ki virasat aur doosre samvidhaanon se bana ye sarkaar ke ang, adhikaar, kartavya aur nirdeshak siddhaant tay karta hai, aur Preamble iske moolyon ka saar hai.
Ye chapter kis baare mein hai?
Chapter Bharat ke pehle President Dr Rajendra Prasad ke shabdon se shuru hota hai: samvidhaan ke anusaar chalne se desh mahaan ban sakta hai, par iske liye kadi mehnat, naitik sudhaar, doosron ke vichaaron ka aadar aur samjhauta karne ki taiyaari chahiye. Phir Delhi ka ek parivaar TV par Republic Day Parade dekhta hai, aur bachche seekhte hain ki ye din 26 January 1950 ko samvidhaan laagu hone ki yaad hai. Chapter ke chaar Big Questions poochhte hain ki constitution kya hai, Bharat ka samvidhaan kaise bana, use kisne aakaar diya aur uski mukhya visheshtaayein kya hain.
Constitution kya hai?
Constitution wo dastaavez hai jo desh ke buniyaadi siddhaant aur kanoon tay karta hai. Isme sarkaar ke teen ang, legislature, executive aur judiciary, aur unke beech checks and balances; naagrikon ke adhikaar aur kartavya; aur desh ke lambe lakshya hote hain. Ek kabaddi kahaani batati hai ki iski zaroorat kyun hai: final mein jhagda hone par referee aur dono captain official rulebook dekhte hain aur faisla maan lete hain. Samvidhaan poore desh ke liye aisi hi rulebook hai, aur President, pradhan mantri, mantri aur judge sab ise maanne ka vachan lete hain. Padho constitution kaise bana.
Samvidhaan likhna
Jab Bharat aazaadi ke liye lad raha tha, tabhi netaaon ko sochna pada ki desh khud par kaise raaj karega: kaisi sarkaar ho, kaun se siddhaant hon, vote kaun de aur jhagde kaise suljhein. 9 December 1946 ko Constituent Assembly bani, jiske sadasya praanton ki vidhaan sabhaaon ne chune. Shuru mein 389 sadasya the, Partition ke baad 299, jinme 15 mahilaayein thi, alag alag kshetron, peshon aur samaajik samoohon se. Dr Rajendra Prasad iske Chairman the, aur Dr B.R. Ambedkar ki adhyakshata waali Drafting Committee ne text taiyaar kiya. Samvidhaan 26 November 1949 ko apnaaya gaya aur 26 January 1950 ko laagu hua.
Ise kisne aakaar diya
Teen prabhaav saath aaye. Aazaadi ke andolan ke kai netaa Assembly mein the aur samaanta, nyay, swatantrata aur bandhutva ke aadarsh laaye. Bharat ki sabhyataagat virasat ne alag alag vichaaron ka aadar, Prakriti ko pavitra maanna, gyaan, mahilaaon ka sammaan, vasudhaiva kutumbakam aur logon ke kartavyon par zor diya. Aur nirmaataaon ne doosre samvidhaan padhe: liberty, equality aur fraternity France se, nirdeshak siddhaant Ireland se aur swatantra nyaypaalika ka vichaar USA se aaya.
Mukhya visheshtaayein
Samvidhaan legislature, executive aur judiciary ki bhoomika aur jawaabdehi, sarkaar ke teen star, kendra, rajya aur sthaaniya, aur aisi chunaav vyavastha tay karta hai jisme har yogya naagrik vote de sake. Iske doosre mukhya hisse hain maulik adhikaar, jinhe adaalat se laagu karaaya ja sakta hai, naagrikon ke maulik kartavya, aur nirdeshak siddhaant, yaani wo lakshya jinki taraf sarkaar ko badhna chahiye. Padho maulik adhikaar, kartavya aur DPSP.
Jeevit dastaavez
Nirmaata jaante the ki nayi zarooratein aayengi, isliye Parliament mein, aur kuch badlaavon ke liye rajya vidhaan sabhaaon mein bhi, dhyaan se bahas ke baad samvidhaan mein sanshodhan ho sakta hai. Part IV-A, maulik kartavya, 1976 mein aur Panchayati Raj 1992 mein jude; 2004 mein Supreme Court ne kaha ki rashtriya jhanda fehraana abhivyakti ki aazaadi ka hissa hai. Ye ek kalakriti bhi hai: calligrapher Prem Behari Narain Raizada ne ise haath se likha, aur Nandalal Bose aur unki team ne ise chitron se sajaaya.
Preamble
Samvidhaan ke margdarshak moolyon ka saar Preamble mein hai. Ye ‘We, the people of India’ se shuru hota hai aur Bharat ko sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic kehta hai, jo nyay, swatantrata, samaanta aur bandhutva ke liye pratibaddh hai. ‘Socialist’, ‘secular’ aur ‘integrity’ shabd 1976 mein 42nd Amendment se jode gaye. Padho preamble aur uske moolya.
Aage badhne se pehle
Samvidhaan desh ki rulebook hai: ye har naagrik ke adhikaaron ki raksha karta hai aur naagrikon se kartavya nibhaane ki ummeed rakhta hai. Bharat ki virasat, aazaadi ki ladaai aur doosre samvidhaanon ke achhe vichaar iski neev bane. Iski mukhya visheshtaayein desh ke samaajik, aarthik aur raajnaitik dhaanche aur uski parliamentary sarkaar ko aakaar deti hain, aur desh ki zarooraton ke saath ise behtar kiya ja sakta hai. Har sawaal ke jawaab Chapter 10 ke NCERT solutions mein hain.
Key terms (zaroori shabd)
| Term | Matlab |
|---|---|
| Samvidhaan (constitution) | Wo dastaavez jo desh ke buniyaadi siddhaant aur kanoon tay karta hai: sarkaar ke ang aur unki jaanch, naagrikon ke adhikaar aur kartavya, aur desh ke lambe lakshya. |
| Constituent Assembly | Bharat ka samvidhaan likhne waali sabha, jo 9 December 1946 ko bani; 389 sadasya (Partition ke baad 299), jinme 15 mahilaayein thi. |
| Drafting Committee | Dr B.R. Ambedkar ki adhyakshata waali committee jisne samvidhaan ka pehla text taiyaar kiya. |
| Republic Day | 26 January, jo har saal manaaya jaata hai kyunki 26 January 1950 ko samvidhaan laagu hua. |
| Maulik adhikaar (Fundamental Rights) | Kanoon ke saamne samaanta aur jeevan aur vyaktigat swatantrata ki raksha jaise adhikaar; inka ullanghan hone par naagrik adaalat ja sakte hain. |
| Maulik kartavya (Fundamental Duties) | Naagrikon ke kartavya, jaise samvidhaan, Rashtriya Dhwaj aur Rashtragaan ka aadar aur paryaavaran ki raksha; 1976 mein Part IV-A ke roop mein jode gaye. |
| Nirdeshak siddhaant (DPSP) | Wo lakshya jinki taraf sarkaar ko kaam karna chahiye, jaise nyay aur sabke liye achha jeevan star; inhe adaalat se laagu nahi karaaya ja sakta. |
| Sanshodhan (amendment) | Samvidhaan mein badlaav, jis par Parliament mein (aur kuch badlaavon par rajya vidhaan sabhaaon mein bhi) bahas ke baad faisla hota hai. |
| Preamble | Samvidhaan ka shuruaati vaakya, jisme uske margdarshak moolyon ka saar hai. |
| Separation of powers | Legislature, executive aur judiciary ko alag rakhna, taaki har ang apna kaam kare aur doosron par nazar rakhe. |
Is chapter ke topics
Practice karo
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Bharat ka samvidhaan kab laagu hua?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (c) 26 January 1950
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Samvidhaan ki Drafting Committee ke adhyaksh kaun the?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Dr B.R. Ambedkar
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Nirdeshak siddhaanton ka vichaar kis desh ke samvidhaan se prerit tha?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (c) Ireland
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1976 mein Preamble mein kaunsa shabd NAHI joda gaya?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (d) Sovereign
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Asli samvidhaan helium mein kyun rakha gaya hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Helium kaagaz ya syaahi se reaction nahi karti
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Constituent Assembly mein kitni mahilaayein thi?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) 15
Students ke sawal
Class 7 SST Chapter 10 ke mukhya topic kya hain?
Constitution kya hai aur desh ko iski zaroorat kyun hai; Constituent Assembly ne Bharat ka samvidhaan kaise likha; aazaadi ke andolan, Bharat ki sabhyataagat virasat aur doosre samvidhaanon ka prabhaav; maulik adhikaar, kartavya aur nirdeshak siddhaant jaisi mukhya visheshtaayein; jeevit dastaavez ke roop mein samvidhaan; aur Preamble ke moolya.
Kya The Constitution of India — An Introduction naye NCERT Class 7 Social Science book mein hai?
Haan. Ye Exploring Society: India and Beyond, Class 7 Social Science textbook Part 1 (Reprint 2026-27) ka Chapter 10 hai, pages 209 se 228 tak, Governance and Democracy theme mein.
Republic Day 26 January ko kyun manaate hain?
Kyunki Bharat ka samvidhaan 26 January 1950 ko laagu hua. Constituent Assembly ne lagbhag teen saal ke kaam ke baad ise 26 November 1949 ko apnaaya tha, aur 26 January 1950 se Bharat apne samvidhaan se chalne waala republic bana, jiska rajya pramukh chuna jaata hai.
Samvidhaan ko jeevit dastaavez kyun kehte hain?
Kyunki desh ki zarooratein badalne par ise sanshodhan se badla ja sakta hai. Har badlaav par Parliament mein bahas hoti hai, kuch par rajya vidhaan sabhaaon mein bhi, aur aksar logon ki raay li jaati hai. 1976 mein maulik kartavya aur 1992 mein Panchayati Raj isi tarah jude.
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