NCERT Solutions Class 7 Social Science Chapter 10: The Constitution of India — An Introduction (Hinglish)

Chapter 10, The Constitution of India — An Introduction, Exploring Society: India and Beyond, Class 7 Social Science textbook Part 1 (Reprint 2026-27) ke har sawaal ke jawaab: Big Questions, Let’s Remember ka kaam, Don’t Miss Out ka sawaal, paanchon Let’s Explore activities aur saaton Questions and activities, crossword samet. Page number book ke hisaab se hain (pages 209–228). Chhote notes: Chapter 10 ke notes.

The Big Questions (page 209)

1. Constitution kya hai, aur hume iski zaroorat kyun hai? Constitution wo dastaavez hai jo desh ke buniyaadi siddhaant aur kanoon tay karta hai: sarkaar ke teen ang aur unke beech ki jaanch, naagrikon ke adhikaar aur kartavya, aur desh ke lakshya. Iski zaroorat usi wajah se hai jis wajah se khel ko rulebook chahiye: sabke maane hue niyamon se jhagde nishpaksh suljhte hain aur koi bhi, sarkaar bhi, manmaani nahi kar sakta.

2. Bharat ka samvidhaan kaise taiyaar hua? Constituent Assembly ne, jo 9 December 1946 ko bani aur jiske sadasya praanton ki vidhaan sabhaaon ne chune: shuru mein 389, Partition ke baad 299, jinme 15 mahilaayein thi. Dr B.R. Ambedkar ki adhyakshata waali Drafting Committee ne text taiyaar kiya, jis par lagbhag teen saal bahas hui; ye 26 November 1949 ko apnaaya gaya aur 26 January 1950 ko laagu hua.

3. Aazaadi ki ladaai aur sabhyataagat virasat ne samvidhaan ko kaise prabhaavit kiya? Assembly mein baithe swatantrata senaani samaanta, nyay, swatantrata aur bandhutva ke aadarsh laaye, aur har vayask ko vote jaise vyavahaarik sawaalon ke jawaab bhi. Bharat ki virasat ne alag vichaaron ka aadar, Prakriti ko pavitra maanna, gyaan, mahilaaon ka sammaan, vasudhaiva kutumbakam aur kartavyon par zor diya, jo maulik kartavya bane.

4. Iski mukhya visheshtaayein kya hain, aur ye aaj bhi kyun zaroori hai? Separation of powers ke saath teen ang, sarkaar ke teen star, har yogya naagrik ke liye chunaav vyavastha, maulik adhikaar, maulik kartavya aur nirdeshak siddhaant, aur Preamble ke moolya. Sattar saal se zyaada baad bhi ye zaroori hai kyunki ye jeevit dastaavez hai: isme sanshodhan ho sakta hai, jaise 1976 aur 1992 mein, aur adaalatein ise naye sawaalon par laagu karti hain, jaise 2004 ka jhande waala faisla.

Let’s Remember (page 210)

Desh ke samvidhaan ke baare mein sawaal (udaaharan). Ise kisne aur kab likha? Isme kya hai? Kya ise badla ja sakta hai, aur kaise? Ye hume kya adhikaar deta hai, aur hamare kya kartavya hain? Kaun dekhta hai ki sarkaar ise maane? Koi ise tode to kya hota hai? Asli prati kaanch ke box mein kyun hai? Ye doosre deshon ke samvidhaanon se kaise alag hai?

Let’s Explore (pages 211–212)

Rulebook ke bina: har team niyam ka apna version thopti, referee ka faisla uski nijji raay lagta, aur jhagda ladaai mein badal sakta tha, aur nateeja kabhi maana nahi jaata. Sab ise maanein, iske liye niyam pehle se pata hon, dono taraf ke liye nishpaksh hon, sab par ek jaise laagu hon, aur unhe aisa referee padhe jis par dono team bharosa karein. Agar captain rulebook dekhne se mana kar dete, to match nishpaksh tareeke se tay nahi ho paata: zyaada zor ya shor waali team jeet jaati, ya match chhod diya jaata.

Hamara khel (udaaharan). Hamare group ne gully cricket chuna: sab baari baari batting karte hain, deewar ke paar gaya ball out hai, six nahi, aur deewar se ek tappa khaakar pakda gaya catch maana jaata hai. Ek saajhe niyam par pahunchna mushkil tha kyunki groups alag alag local version khelte the, har group apne mazboot khiladiyon ke hisaab ke niyam chahta tha, aur hume bahas, samjhauta aur aakhir mein vote karna pada. Desh ki rulebook uska samvidhaan hai; ise logon ke pratinidhiyon ko sab samoohon ke saath lambi charcha ke baad banaana chahiye, jaise Bharat ki Constituent Assembly ne kiya.

Don’t Miss Out (page 212)

1950 se parts aur schedules kyun badhe? Kyunki desh ki zarooratein badhne par sanshodhanon ne naye parts aur schedules jode, jaise 1976 mein maulik kartavyon waala Part IV-A, aur 1992 mein panchayaton aur nagarpaalikaaon waale parts aur schedules. Samvidhaan 22 parts aur 8 schedules se badhkar 25 parts aur 12 schedules ka ho gaya.

Let’s Explore (page 215)

Hamare kshetra ke sadasya. Jawaab is par nirbhar hai ki tum kahan rehte ho. Achhe srot hain Lok Sabha website (sansad.in) ke Constituent Assembly pages, jahan praant ke hisaab se sadasyon ki list hai, school aur local library, aur ghar ke bade. Kuch udaaharan: Bihar se Dr Rajendra Prasad, Dr Sachidananda Sinha aur Jaipal Singh Munda (aaj ke Jharkhand se); Gujarat se Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel aur Hansa Mehta; Kerala se Ammu Swaminathan aur Dakshayani Velayudhan; Tamil Nadu se Alladi Krishnaswamy Ayyar aur T.T. Krishnamachari; Assam se Gopinath Bordoloi; Uttar Pradesh se Jawaharlal Nehru aur Begum Aizaz Rasul; West Bengal se Syama Prasad Mookerjee.

Let’s Explore (page 221)

Begum Aizaz Rasul ka bhaashan. Ve shaayad samaanta ke adhikaar ki baat kar rahi thi: Article 14, kanoon ke saamne samaanta, aur Article 15, jo dharm, nasl, jaati, ling ya janm sthaan ke aadhaar par bhedbhaav mana karta hai. Unhone kaha ki mahilaaon ki samaanta naya vichaar nahi, kyunki mahilaaon ka sammaan Bharat ki sabhyataagat virasat ka hissa hai; praacheen samay mein Gargi aur Maitreyi jaisi vidushi mahilaaon ne gyaan ki bahason mein hissa liya. Baad mein samaajik haalaat ne mahilaaon ki sthiti giraayi, aur samvidhaan ne us puraane aadarsh ko kanoon mein waapas sthaapit kiya.

Let’s Explore (page 223)

Pichhle das saal ke sanshodhan (2016 se 2023): 101st (2016) ne Goods and Services Tax laaya; 102nd (2018) ne National Commission for Backward Classes ko samvaidhaanik darja diya; 103rd (2019) ne aarthik roop se kamzor varg ke liye 10% tak aarakshan diya; 104th (2020) ne Lok Sabha aur rajya vidhaan sabhaaon mein Scheduled Castes aur Scheduled Tribes ki aarakshit seatein das saal aur badhaayi; 105th (2021) ne rajyon ko samaajik aur shaikshik roop se pichhde vargon ki list banaane ka adhikaar waapas diya; aur 106th (2023) ne Lok Sabha aur rajya vidhaan sabhaaon mein ek tihaai seatein mahilaaon ke liye aarakshit ki. 2023 ke baad pass hue kisi sanshodhan ke liye Lok Sabha ya Legislative Department ki website dekho.

Let’s Explore (page 226)

Roz ki zindagi mein Preamble. Sovereign: Bharat apne kanoon aur videsh niti khud banaata hai, aur koi doosra desh hamari sarkaar ko hukm nahi de sakta. Secular (book ka udaaharan): apne dharm ki reeti nibhaane ke liye ijaazat nahi chahiye, agar isse doosron ko pareshaani na ho. Republic: koi bhi naagrik President ban sakta hai; ye pad virasat mein nahi milta. Justice (book ka udaaharan): gender, jaati ya dharm dekhe bina naukri mein baraabar mauka. Liberty: hum akhbaar ko likh sakte hain ya kisi niti ki shaanti se aalochana kar sakte hain. Equality: ek jaise school niyam aur ek jaise kanoon sab par laagu hote hain. Fraternity: alag dharmon ke padosi saath tyohaar manaate hain aur zaroorat mein ek doosre ki madad karte hain.

Questions and activities (pages 227–228)

1. Vividh assembly ka matlab tha ki har kshetra, dharm, jaati, gender, peshe aur samaajik samooh ke logon ki aawaaz thi, isliye samvidhaan kuch logon ki nahi, sab Bharatiyon ki zarooratein dikhaata hai. Isse ye sabko sweekaar hua, jo kisi bhi rulebook ke chalne ki shart hai, aur alpsankhyakon aur kamzor samoohon ki raksha hui; jaise 15 mahila sadasyon ke hone se mahilaaon ki samaanta ki baat Assembly ke andar se uthi.

2. a. Pehli baar vote dene ke liye line mein khade log: democracy aur universal adult franchise. b. Radha, Imon aur Harpreet ek class mein: samaanta, bandhutva aur secularism, kyunki har pehchaan ke bachche saath padhte hain. c. Maata pita ka bachchon ki padhaai ka intezaam: ek maulik kartavya (shiksha ke adhikaar, Article 21-A, ke saath). d. Gaon ke kuen ka sab istemaal karein: samaanta aur nyay, koi bhedbhaav nahi.

3. Kanoon mein haan: Article 14 kanoon ke saamne samaanta ka vaada karta hai, isliye ek mantri aur ek kisaan par ek hi kanoon laagu hai, aur adaalaton ne shaktishaali logon ke khilaaf faisle diye hain. Asal zindagi mein poori tarah nahi: amir log mehnge vakeel kar sakte hain, mukadme saalon chalte hain, kai logon ko apne adhikaar pata nahi, aur bhedbhaav ab bhi hota hai. To ye siddhaant mein tathya hai aur vyavahaar mein lakshya; kanooni sahaayata, jaagrukta aur tez adaalatein ye fark kam kar sakti hain.

4. Aazaadi ki ladaai sab Bharatiyon ka andolan thi, purush aur mahilaayein, amir aur gareeb, har jaati aur dharm ke log, aur uske netaa maante the ki naye desh mein har vayask ki baraabar aawaaz honi chahiye. Sampatti, shiksha ya gender se vote seemit karna puraani asamaanta ko zinda rakhta. Har vayask ko vote dene se ek bahut vividh desh ko jodne mein bhi madad mili aur aam naagrikon ki samajh par bharosa dikha.

5. Aazaadi ki ladaai ne samaanta, nyay, swatantrata aur bandhutva ke aadarsh diye, aur uske kai netaa Assembly mein the, jo vote ke adhikaar, separation of powers aur maulik adhikaaron jaise sawaalon par apna anubhav laaye. Sabhyataagat virasat ne kai visheshtaaon ko prerna di: kai vichaaron ka aadar (secularism aur abhivyakti ki aazaadi), Prakriti ko pavitra maanna (paryaavaran ki raksha ka kartavya aur Article 48-A), gyaan (shiksha ka adhikaar), mahilaaon ka sammaan (samaanta), vasudhaiva kutumbakam (bandhutva), aur kartavyon par puraana zor (maulik kartavya).

6. Abhi nahi. Jaati, gender ya dharm ke aadhaar par bhedbhaav, gareebi aur asamaan padhaai, bhrashtaachaar aur pradooshit nadiyan aur hawa ab bhi hain. Hum sab madad kar sakte hain: sabko baraabar maanein, umar hone par vote dein, kanoon maanein aur tax bharein, prakriti aur virasat ki raksha karein, mann lagaakar padhein aur anyaay ke khilaaf shaanti se aawaaz uthaayein. Samvidhaan disha deta hai; uske moolyon par chalne waale naagrik desh ko us taraf le jaate hain.

7. Across: 2. Legislature, 7. Fundamental Duties, 8. Supreme Court, 9. Republic, 10. Amendment. Down: 1. Constituent Assembly, 3. Preamble, 4. Constitution, 5. Helium, 6. Fundamental Rights.

Chhote notes aur zyaada practice topic pages par hain: constitution kaise bana, preamble aur uske moolya aur maulik adhikaar, kartavya aur DPSP.