Class 7 Social Science Chapter 11: From Barter to Money (Hinglish Notes)
Ye chapter 5 lines mein
From Barter to Money batata hai ki log pehle saamaan ka seedha len den, yaani barter, karte the, aur double coincidence of wants aur value ke common maap ki kami jaisi dikkaton ki wajah se paisa aaya. Paisa len den ka maadhyam, value ka bhandaar, value ka maap aur baad ke bhugtaan ka maanak hai, aur ye kauri aur sikkon se kaagaz ke noton aur UPI jaise digital bhugtaan tak badla hai.
Ye chapter kis baare mein hai?
Chapter arthshaastri John Maynard Keynes se shuru hota hai, jinhone paise ko vartamaan aur bhavishya ke beech ki kadi maana. Phir ye poochhta hai ki purane zamaane ke log, jo fasal ugaate aur carnelian beads jaisi cheezein banaate the, unhe apni zaroorat ki cheezon se kaise badalte the. Iske teen Big Questions poochhte hain ki paise se pehle len den kaise hota tha, paisa kyun aaya, aur samay ke saath paise ka roop kaise badla.
Barter system
Paise se pehle log saamaan ya sevaayein seedhe doosre saamaan ya sevaaon se badalte the: yahi barter system hai. Agar tumhare paas ek faltu eraser hai aur pencil chahiye, aur tumhare classmate ke paas faltu pencil hai aur eraser chahiye, to adla badli se dono ki zaroorat poori ho jaati hai. Kauri, namak, chai, tambaaku, kapda, maveshi aur beej jaisi cheezein istemaal hoti thi, aur kuch jagahon par anokha paisa tha, jaise Yap Island ke bade Rai stones. Padho barter system kya hai.
Barter ki dikkatein
Ek kisaan jise joote, sweater aur dawaiyan chahiye par paas mein sirf ek bail hai, ye mushkil dikhaata hai. Use pehle aisa vyakti dhoondhna hoga jise bail chahiye, phir bail ke badle gehun ki boriyan leni hongi, gehun idhar udhar dhona hoga aur har kadam par mol bhaav karna hoga. Barter ko double coincidence of wants chahiye; isme value ka common maap nahi hota; aur cheezein aksar divisibility (bail ko baanta nahi ja sakta), portability (use le jaana mushkil hai) aur durability (gehun sad jaata hai) mein peechhe reh jaati hain.
Aaj ka barter
Barter poori tarah khatam nahi hua. Assam ke Morigaon zile mein lagne waale teen din ke Junbeel Mela mein, jo 15vi sadi mein Tiwa, Karbi, Khasi aur Jaintia mukhiyaaon ki baithakon se shuru hua, pahaadi log aaj bhi apni upaj aur haath ka bana saamaan maidaan ke rice cakes aur khaane se badalte hain. Kitaabon ki adla badli ke club aur purane kapdon ke badle naye bartan dene waale pheriwale bhi iske udaaharan hain.
Paise ke kaam
Jab zyaada tarah ka saamaan lambi doori tak bikne laga, to len den ke ek saajhe maadhyam ki zaroorat padi, aur paisa aaya. Ye value ka bhandaar bhi hai jise bachaaya ja sakta hai, value ka common maap jisse daamon ki tulna hoti hai, aur baad ke bhugtaan ka maanak, taaki bhugtaan baad mein bhi ho sake. Padho paise ke kaam aur roop.
Paise ka safar
Bharat mein paise ki ek mota mota timeline lagbhag 6000 BCE ke barter se 1000 BCE ki kauri, 600 BCE ke dhaatu ke sikkon, 1861 ke official kaagazi noton, 1980 se debit aur credit card, aur 2016 mein UPI tak jaati hai. Har kadam ne paise ko halka, le jaane mein aasaan aur istemaal mein tez banaaya.
Sikke
Bharat ke praacheen sikke, jinhe karshapana ya pana kehte the, sone, chaandi, taambe ya unki mishr dhaatu ke bane the, aur un par rupa naam ke chinh punch kiye jaate the. Minting par raja ka niyantran tha, har rajya ke apne sikke the, aur sikke ke dono taraf jaanwar, ped, shaasak aur devi devtaaon jaise chitra hote the. Tamil Nadu aur Kerala mein mile Roman sone ke sikke ek aise samudri vyapaar ko dikhaate hain jo Bharat ke paksh mein tha. Padho praacheen Bharat ke sikke.
Kaagazi aur digital paisa
Bahut saare sikke dhona aur sambhaalna mushkil tha, isliye kaagaz ka paisa, jo pehle China mein chala, 18vi sadi ke aakhir mein Bharat pahuncha. Aaj currency jaari karne par Reserve Bank of India ka niyantran hai. Ab paisa aise digital roop bhi le chuka hai jinhe chhua nahi ja sakta: phal bechne waale Krishnappa ek QR code lagaate hain, jise customer scan karke seedhe unke bank khaate mein paise bhejte hain, aur debit aur credit card, net banking aur UPI bhi isi tarah kaam karte hain.
Aage badhne se pehle
Paise se pehle barter tha, aur len den mein kai cheezein istemaal hoti thi. Uski seemaaon ki wajah se paisa len den ka maadhyam bana, aur paisa badalta raha: kauri aur sikkon se kaagaz ke noton tak, aur ab QR code jaise naye tareekon tak. Har sawaal ke jawaab Chapter 11 ke NCERT solutions mein hain.
Key terms (zaroori shabd)
| Term | Matlab |
|---|---|
| Barter system | Paise ke bina saamaan aur sevaaon ka seedha doosre saamaan aur sevaaon se len den. |
| Paisa (money) | Wo saajha zariya jise sab log bhugtaan dene aur lene ke liye maante hain. |
| Commodities | Wo saamaan jinka len den, kharid aur bikri ho sake, jaise namak, chai ya kapda. |
| Double coincidence of wants | Jab do logon ke paas wahi ho jo doosre ko chahiye aur ve seedha badal sakein; barter isi par tika hai. |
| Common standard measure of value | Ek maani hui keemat jisse alag alag cheezon ki value ki tulna ho sake; barter mein ye nahi hoti. |
| Divisibility, portability aur durability | Koi cheez hisson mein baanti ja sakti hai ya nahi, ek jagah se doosri jagah le jaayi ja sakti hai ya nahi, aur bina kharab hue lambe samay tak rakhi ja sakti hai ya nahi. |
| Medium of exchange (len den ka maadhyam) | Wo cheez jise bhugtaan mein sab sweekaar karte hain, jisse kharidna aur bechna aasaan hota hai. |
| Standard of deferred payment | Baad mein kiye jaane waale bhugtaan ke liye paise ka istemaal, jaise daam ka baaki hissa agle hafte dena. |
| Minting | Sikke banaana; mint wo jagah hai jahan desh ke sikke bante hain. |
| Currency aur denominations | Desh ki paisa vyavastha, jaise Bharat ke rupaye ke sikke aur note; denominations uski ikaaiyan hain, jaise ₹10 ya ₹100. |
| Digital money | Electronic roop mein paisa, jo sikkon aur noton ki jagah debit aur credit card, net banking ya UPI se chalta hai. |
Is chapter ke topics
Practice karo
-
Paise ke bina saamaan ke len den ko kya kehte hain?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Barter
-
Har vyakti ko theek wahi chahiye jo doosre ke paas hai, ise kya kehte hain?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Double coincidence of wants
-
Godaam mein sadta gehun barter ki kaunsi dikkat dikhaata hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Durability
-
Praacheen Bharatiya sikkon ko kya kehte the?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Karshapana ya pana
-
Aaj Bharat mein currency jaari karne par kiska niyantran hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (c) Reserve Bank of India
-
₹ ka chinh kis saal apnaaya gaya?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (c) 2010
Students ke sawal
Class 7 SST Chapter 11 ke mukhya topic kya hain?
Paise se pehle log barter se saamaan kaise badalte the aur kaunsi cheezein istemaal hoti thi; barter ki dikkatein, jaise double coincidence of wants; aaj bhi chalta barter; paisa kyun aaya aur uske chaar kaam; aur Bharat mein paise ka safar, kauri aur sikkon se kaagaz ke noton aur digital bhugtaan tak.
Kya From Barter to Money naye NCERT Class 7 Social Science book mein hai?
Haan. Ye Exploring Society: India and Beyond, Class 7 Social Science textbook Part 1 (Reprint 2026-27) ka Chapter 11 hai, pages 229 se 246 tak, Economic Life Around Us theme mein.
Paise ne barter ki jagah kyun li?
Kyunki cheezon ki kismein badhne aur vyapaar ke door tak failne par barter bahut mushkil ho gaya. Har len den ko double coincidence of wants chahiye tha, value ka koi common maap nahi tha, aur kai cheezein baanti, le jaayi ya rakhi nahi ja sakti thi. Sabka maana hua paisa in dikkaton ka hal bana.
Paise ke kaam kya hain?
Paisa len den ka maadhyam hai jise sab maante hain; value ka bhandaar hai jise rakh kar baad mein kharch kiya ja sakta hai; value ka common maap hai jisse daamon ki tulna hoti hai; aur baad ke bhugtaan ka maanak hai, taaki bhugtaan baad mein bhi ho sake.
Koi sawal atak gaya?
Photo lo, Lagnever AI step-by-step samjhayega. 7 din ka trial sirf ₹2.
Google Play se app lo Browser mein kholo
Parents ke liye: trial ke baad plan har mahine UPI ya card autopay se renew hota hai. App mein kabhi bhi cancel kar sakte hain.