Barter system kya hai?

Paise se pehle len den

Logon ko hamesha aisi cheezein chahiye thi jo ve khud nahi bana sakte the. Paise se pehle ve saamaan ya sevaayein doosre saamaan ya sevaaon se badalte the, jise barter system kehte hain. Maan lo tumhare paas ek faltu eraser hai par pencil nahi, aur tumhare classmate ke paas faltu pencil hai par eraser ghar par chhoot gaya hai: adla badli se dono ki zaroorat poori ho jaati hai. Barter len den ka sabse purana roop tha, aur iske saboot poori duniya se milte hain. Aaj hum sikkon, noton, mobile phone aur computer se kharidte aur bechte hain.

Log kya istemaal karte the

Kai commodities, yaani wo saamaan jinka len den, kharid aur bikri ho sake, adla badli mein chalti thi: kauri, namak, chai, tambaaku, kapda, gaay, bakri, ghoda aur bhed jaise maveshi, aur beej. Kuch jagahon par anokha paisa tha. Prashaant Mahaasaagar mein Micronesia ke Yap Island par Rai stones naam ki pathar ki badi gol thaaliyan paisa thi; Aztec log Central Mexico aur Central America ke kuch hisson mein kaatne waale chaaku jaisa taambe ka tajadero istemaal karte the; aur Solomon Islands par laal pankhon ke coil, jinhe tevau kehte hain, paisa the.

Kisaan aur bail

Ek aisi jagah ke kisaan ko socho jahan log barter karte hain. Use naye joote, ek sweater aur apni grandmother ke liye dawaiyan chahiye, par uske paas dene ko sirf ek bail hai. Pehle use aisa koi dhoondhna hoga jise bail chahiye, aur ek jodi joote ke badle poora bail dena theek sauda nahi lagega. Isliye wo bail ke badle gehun ki kai boriyan le sakta hai, gehun ko jagah jagah dho sakta hai, aur har baar mol bhaav kar sakta hai ki kitne gehun mein joote, sweater ya dawaiyan milengi. Bacha hua gehun surakshit rakhna hoga aur agli baar kuch chahiye to phir saath le jaana hoga.

Barter ki paanch dikkatein

Kahaani barter ki kamzoriyan dikhaati hai. Double coincidence of wants: har paksh ko theek wahi chahiye jo doosra de raha hai, aur bail ke badle joote, sweater aur dawaiyan, teeno dene waala ek vyakti milna lagbhag naamumkin hai. Value ka common maap nahi: maani hui keemat ke bina ye tay karna mushkil hai ki kitni boriyan ek bail ke baraabar hain, aur agar ek paksh ko lage ki use nuksaan hai, to sauda nahi hota. Divisibility: sweater ke liye koi bail ka hissa nahi de sakta. Portability: bail ko har jagah le jaana bojh hai. Durability: gehun lambe samay tak nahi rakha ja sakta, kyunki wo sad jaata hai ya chuhe kha jaate hain.

Aaj ka barter

Paise ne lagbhag har jagah barter ki jagah le li hai, par poori tarah nahi. Assam ke Morigaon zile ke Junbeel mein lagne waala Junbeel Mela, jiska naam Assamese ke shabdon jun (chaand) aur beel (wetland) se bana hai, teen din ka saalana mela hai jo Agni Puja, yaani sabke kalyaan ki prarthana, se shuru hota hai. 15vi sadi se Assam aur Meghalaya ke Tiwa, Karbi, Khasi aur Jaintia samudaayon ke mukhiya yahan raajnaitik maamlon par baat karne aur dosti banaaye rakhne ke liye milte the; log unke aas paas jutne lage, aur ye baithak mela ban gayi. Barter subah jaldi shuru hota hai: pahaadon ki jadein, sabziyan, phal, jadi bootiyan, masaale aur haath ka bana saamaan maidaan ke rice cakes aur doosre khaane se badla jaata hai.

Kitaabon ki adla badli ke club, jahan padhne waale padhi hui kitaabein nayi kitaabon se badalte hain, bhi ek tarah ka barter hain. Waise hi wo purani reet bhi, jisme pheriwale ghar ghar jaakar purane kapdon ke badle naye bartan dete hain: gharon se bekaar cheezein nikal jaati hain, aur pheriwale kapde ko phir se bechte, istemaal karte ya recycle karte hain.

Ye kyun zaroori hai

Barter samajhne se pata chalta hai ki paisa itna kaam ka kyun hai: ye sahi mel ki zaroorat khatam karta hai, daam tay karta hai, aur value ko baantne, le jaane aur bachaane deta hai. Paisa ye kaise karta hai, ye paise ke kaam aur roop mein hai, aur Bharat ke shuruaati sikke praacheen Bharat ke sikke mein. Har sawaal ke jawaab Chapter 11 ke NCERT solutions mein hain; poore Chapter 11 ke notes bhi dekho.