Class 7 Social Science Chapter 3: Climates of India (Hinglish Notes)
Ye chapter 5 lines mein
Climates of India batata hai ki lambe samay ka weather pattern Bharat mein jagah-jagah kaise badalta hai: alpine Himalaya se lekar sookhe Thar Desert aur bheege pashchimi tat tak. Latitude, altitude, samudra se doori, hawa aur topography har climate ko banaate hain. Mausam ke saath disha badalne waali monsoon hawayein zyaadatar baarish laati hain. Chapter aapdaaon aur climate change ko bhi samjhaata hai.
Ye chapter kis baare mein hai?
Chapter ek purane Sanskrit shlok, ek subhashita, se shuru hota hai jo samay pe baarish aur fasalon se bhari dharti ki praarthna karta hai. Bharat mein sahi samay ki baarish hamesha se zaroori rahi hai. Chapter samjhaata hai ki climate kya hai, Bharat mein itne climates kyun hain, monsoon kaise kaam karta hai, climate hamaare jeevan ko kaise banaata hai, aur aapdaayein aur climate change isse kaise jude hain.
Weather, rituein aur climate
Log aksar weather ko climate keh dete hain. Weather wo hai jo hum har ghante ya din mehsoos karte hain, aur ye badalta rehta hai. Climate kisi kshetra ka lambe samay ka, kam se kam kai dashakon ka, weather pattern hai, aur ye kshetra ke hisaab se badalta hai. Rituein beech mein aati hain: har ek kuch mahine chalti hai aur har saal laut-ti hai, isliye dono se judi hain. Duniya ke zyaadatar hisson mein chaar mukhya rituein hain, par Bharat mein ek baarish ki ritu, monsoon, bhi hai. Paaramparik roop se saal mein chhe rituein hain: vasanta (spring), grishma (summer), varsha (baarish), sharad (autumn), hemanta (sardi se pehle) aur shishir (sardi), aur inse jude tyohaar jaise Vasanta Panchami aur Sharad Purnima. Fasal, khaana, kapde, phoolte ped, yahan tak ki jaanwaron ka fur bhi inke saath badalta hai.
Bharat ke climate ke prakaar
Bharat ka climate uski zameen jitna hi vividh hai. Oonche Himalaya ka climate alpine hai, thandi barfeeli sardiyon aur thandi garmiyon ke saath, jabki neeche ke Himalaya aur doosri pahaadiyan temperate hain, isiliye garmi se bachne ke liye log hill stations jaate hain. Uttari maidaan subtropical hain, bahut garam garmiyon aur thandi sardiyon ke saath, aur yahin Bharat ka zyaadatar gehun ugta hai. Thar Desert arid hai: bahut garam din, thandi raatein aur kam baarish. Pashchimi tat ki patti tropical wet hai, dhaan aur masaalon ke liye achhi; Deccan Plateau semi-arid hai; aur poorvi Bharat aur dakshini prayadweep tropical hain, jahan monsoon hawayein geele aur sookhe daur tay karti hain.
Climate ko kaun banaata hai
Paanch factors milkar kaam karte hain. Latitude: Equator ke paas Sooraj ki kirnein lagbhag seedhi padti hain aur garmi ek jagah jama karti hain, isliye Kanniyakumari saal bhar garam hai jabki Srinagar kaafi thanda hai. Altitude: oonchaai badhne pe hawa thandi hoti hai. Samudra se doori: samudra taapmaan ko santulit rakhta hai, isliye tatiya jagahon pe garmi aur sardi dono halki hoti hain. Hawayein garmi, thand ya nami laati hain. Topography: pahaad hawaon ko rokte ya upar uthaate hain. Ek chhote ilaake ka apna microclimate bhi ho sakta hai, jaise garmi rokne waala shehar. Aur padho climate ke factors mein.
Monsoon
Monsoon shabd Arabic mausim, yaani mausam, se aaya hai. Garmiyon mein Asia ki zameen samudra se jaldi garam hoti hai, uske upar kam pressure banta hai, aur samudra se nam hawayein aakar bhaari baarish girati hain. Sardiyon mein zameen jaldi thandi hoti hai aur hawayein ulat jaati hain. Southwest monsoon June ki shuruaat mein Bharat ke dakshini sire pe pahunchta hai aur mid-July tak poore desh ko dhak leta hai, Western Ghats ki pashchimi dhalaanon ko bhigote hue. Sardiyon ka northeast monsoon zyaadatar sookha hai, par poorvi aur dakshini Bharat ke kuch hisson mein baarish laata hai. Meghalaya ke Mawsynram mein saal mein lagbhag 11,000 mm baarish hoti hai, duniya mein sabse zyaada ausat. Padho monsoon kya hai.
Climate aur hamaara jeevan
Baisakhi aur Onam se lekar Bihu aur Pongal tak, kai tyohaar rituon aur fasal ke saath chalte hain, aur Meghamalhar jaise raag baarish ka utsav manaate hain. Log lambe samay se prakriti ke ishaare padhte aaye hain: Konkan ke machhuaare tab monsoon ki ummeed karte hain jab machhliyan sateh pe aati hain. Climate arthvyavastha ko bhi chalaata hai. Monsoon fail ho to fasal kharaab hoti hai, paani ki kami hoti hai, mazdoor shehron ki taraf jaate hain aur khaane ke daam badhte hain.
Climate aur aapdaayein
Bharat ka weather kabhi-kabhi bahut ugra ho jaata hai. Cyclone taton pe, khaas kar poorvi tat pe, aate hain; baadh Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh aur Assam jaise rajyon mein aati hai, aur Himalaya mein glacial burst hote hain; monsoon mein pahaadi ilaakon mein landslide aam hain; aur sookhe, tez hawa waale mausam mein jangal ki aag phailti hai. Jangal kaatna aur laaparwaahi se nirmaan jaise insaani kaam aksar inhe badtar banaate hain. Padho aapdaayein aur climate change.
Climate change
Climate change ka matlab hai taapmaan, baarish aur weather ki ghatnaon mein bade, lambe samay ke badlaav. Bahut pehle prakritik prakriyaayein ise chalaati thi, par 19vi sadi se insaani kaam, sabse zyaada fossil fuels jalaana, bhaari maatra mein greenhouse gases chhod rahe hain jo extra garmi rokti hain aur tezi se global warming karti hain. 2025 ki shuruaat mein Bharat ka ausat taapmaan normal se 1 se 3°C zyaada tha, jisse sardi chhoti aur halki rahi. Sarkaarein mitigation ko badhaava deti hain, jaise emissions ghataana, ped lagaana aur renewable energy, aur samudaay resilience banaate hain.
Aage badhne se pehle
Bharat ka climate uske bhoogol se banta hai, monsoon kheti aur rozi-roti ke liye zaroori hai, aur climate ko samajhna aapdaaon aur garam hoti duniya ke liye taiyaar hone mein madad karta hai. Big Questions, har Let’s Explore aur saaton sawaalon ke jawab Chapter 3 ke NCERT solutions mein hain.
Key terms (zaroori shabd)
| Term | Matlab |
|---|---|
| Weather | Jo hum ghante-ghante ya din-ba-din mehsoos karte hain: baarish, tez dhoop, hawa, garmi ya sookhapan. Ye badalta rehta hai. |
| Climate | Kisi kshetra ka lambe samay ka, kam se kam kai dashakon ka, weather pattern; aam taur pe 30 saal ya usse zyaada ke aadhaar pe bataaya jaata hai. |
| Ritu | Bharat ki chhe paaramparik rituein: vasanta (spring), grishma (summer), varsha (baarish), sharad (autumn), hemanta (sardi se pehle) aur shishir (sardi). |
| Latitude | Equator se uttar ya dakshin ki doori. Kam latitude waali jagahein garam, aur dhruvon ke paas zyaada latitude waali jagahein thandi hoti hain. |
| Altitude | Samudra tal se oonchaai. Oonchaai badhne pe taapmaan ghatta hai, isiliye hill stations thande hote hain. |
| Topography | Kisi ilaake ki zameen ki banaawat: pahaad, pahaadiyan, ghaatiyan, dhalaan aur tat. |
| Microclimate | Chhote ilaake ka apna climate jo aas-paas ke kshetra se alag ho, jaise band ghaati ya urban heat island. |
| Monsoon | Arabic shabd mausim, yaani mausam, se: Hind Mahasagar ke kshetra ki hawayein jo mausam ke saath disha badalti hain, aur unki laayi baarish. |
| Cyclone | Bahut kam pressure waale kendra ke chaaron or ka toofaan, tez hawa aur bhaari baarish ke saath, jiske beech mein shaant, bina baadal ki aankh hoti hai. |
| Greenhouse effect | Carbon dioxide aur doosri gases ka atmosphere mein garmi rok lena, jisse Prithvi itni garam rehti hai ki jeevan sambhav ho. |
| Mitigation | Global warming ko dheema karne aur climate change ke kaaran ghataane ke kadam, jaise renewable energy apnaana. |
| Resilience | Logon aur samudaayon ki kisi mushkil, jaise aapda, ko jhelne aur usse jaldi ubharne ki kshamta. |
Is chapter ke topics
Practice karo
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Climate kya hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Kai dashakon ka weather pattern
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Ooty aur Coimbatore lagbhag ek hi latitude pe hain. Ooty thanda kyun hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Ye zyaada oonchaai pe hai
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Monsoon shabd kahan se aaya hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Arabic mausim, mausam
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Duniya mein sabse zyaada ausat saalaana baarish kahan hoti hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Mawsynram
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Cyclone ke shaant, bina baadal waale kendra ko kya kehte hain?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (a) Aankh (eye)
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19vi sadi se zyaadatar climate change kis insaani kaam se hua hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Fossil fuels jalaana
Students ke sawal
Class 7 SST Chapter 3 ke mukhya topics kya hain?
Weather, rituein aur climate, chhe rituon ke saath; Bharat ke climate ke prakaar; climate banaane waale factors (latitude, altitude, samudra se doori, hawa aur topography) aur microclimates; monsoon; climate aur hamaara jeevan, tyohaaron se monsoon failure tak; cyclone, baadh, landslide aur jangal ki aag jaisi aapdaayein; aur climate change.
Kya Climates of India nayi NCERT Class 7 kitaab mein hai?
Haan. Ye Exploring Society: India and Beyond, Class 7 Social Science ki kitaab Part 1 (Reprint 2026-27) ka Chapter 3 hai, pages 45 se 66 tak, theme India and the World: Land and the People mein. Ye Understanding the Weather ke baad aata hai, jo weather ke elements aur unhe naapne ke baare mein hai.
Weather aur climate mein kya farq hai?
Weather wo hai jo hum ghante-ghante ya din-ba-din mehsoos karte hain, jaise baarish, dhoop ya hawa, aur ye badalta rehta hai. Climate kisi kshetra ka lambe samay ka weather pattern hai, jo teen dashak ya usse zyaada ke aadhaar pe bataaya jaata hai. May ka ek thanda din weather hai; Mumbai ki har saal ki garam, nam garmiyan aur bhaari monsoon baarish uska climate hai.
Bharat ka climate itna alag-alag kyun hai?
Bharat kai latitudes tak phaila hai, dakshin mein Equator ke paas se uttar ke thande ilaakon tak. Iski zameen samudra tal ke taton se oonche Himalaya tak uthti hai, iska lamba samudri tat bhi hai aur door ke andaruni ilaake bhi, aur iske pahaad, registaan aur pathaar hawaon ko rokte ya modte hain. Isliye yahan alpine, temperate, subtropical, arid, semi-arid aur tropical climates milte hain.
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