Monsoon kya hai aur kaise banta hai?

Shabd ka matlab

Monsoon ke mahinon mein nadiyan bhar jaati hain, mitti bheeg jaati hai, fasalein ugti hain aur jeevan phalta-phoolta hai, isliye monsoon ki ritu Bharat ke jeevan ka kendra hai. Shabd Arabic mausim se aaya hai, jiska matlab hai mausam. Asal mein ye Hind Mahasagar aur uske aas-paas ke kshetron, jaise Australia, Africa aur South Asia, ke bade ilaake ki mausami hawaon ke liye hai. Garmiyon ki hawayein bhaari baarish laati hain, isliye ye shabd hawaon se zyaada baarish ke liye bola jaata hai.

Monsoon kaise banta hai

Iska tantra jatil hai, par ek saral baat pe tika hai: zameen samudra se jaldi garam aur jaldi thandi hoti hai. Garmiyan shuru hote hi Asia ki zameen garam hoti hai aur uske upar ek shaktishaali kam pressure ka system banta hai. Hawa hamesha zyaada pressure se kam pressure ki taraf behti hai, isliye thande, zyaada pressure waale samudra se hawayein garam zameen ki taraf kheenchi jaati hain. Ye samudri hawayein nami laati hain, jo zameen ke upar sanghanit hokar bhaari baarish ban jaati hai. Sardiyon mein pattern ulat jaata hai: zameen samudra se jaldi thandi hoti hai, isliye zameen pe zyaada pressure aur garam samudra pe kam pressure hota hai. Ab hawayein zameen se samudra ki taraf chalti hain aur Asia ke bade hisse mein sookha mausam laati hain.

Southwest monsoon

Bharat mein monsoon ki baarish aam taur pe June ki shuruaat mein dakshini sire pe pahunchti hai aur kai hafton mein uttar ki taraf badhti hai, jab tak mid-July tak poora upmahadweep na dhak jaaye. Ye badhat seedhi-saral nahi hoti. Western Ghats ek prakritik deewaar ki tarah kaam karte hain: unki pashchimi dhalaanon pe bhaari baarish hoti hai, jabki poorab ke Deccan Plateau pe kam, aksar ruk-ruk kar. Ye hawayein dakshin-pashchim se aati hain, isliye ise garmiyon ka ya southwest monsoon kehte hain.

Northeast monsoon

Sardiyan aate hi hawayein ulatkar zameen se samudra ki taraf chalne lagti hain. Ye sookhi hawayein dakshin Bharat mein thand laati hain, par inka jo hissa Bay of Bengal ke upar se guzarta hai, wo kuch nami lekar poorvi aur dakshini Bharat ke kuch hisson mein baarish laata hai. Ye sardiyon ka ya northeast monsoon hai.

Record baarish aur monsoon ka sangeet

Meghalaya ke Mawsynram mein duniya ki sabse zyaada ausat saalaana baarish hoti hai, lagbhag 11,000 mm, yaani ek saal mein 11 metre paani. Monsoon ne Carnatic aur Hindustani shastriya sangeet ke kai raagon ko bhi prerna di hai, jaise Meghamalhar aur Amruthavarshini.

Prakriti ke ishaare padhna

Bharat mein monsoon ka andaaza lagaana hamesha zaroori raha hai, isliye logon ne prakriti ko dhyaan se dekhkar paaramparik gyaan banaaya, jo bachaane laayak dharohar hai. Konkan tat ke machhuaare tab monsoon ki ummeed karte hain jab paani ke andar rehne waali machhliyan sateh pe dikhti hain. Dakshin Bharat ke kuch hisson mein kaha jaata hai ki Golden Shower ped (Cassia fistula) ke phoolne ke 50 din ke andar monsoon aa jaata hai. Kuch samudaay maante hain ki kauve ped ki chotiyon pe ghonsla banaayein to kam baarish, aur neeche banaayein to bhaari baarish hogi.

Jab monsoon fail ho

Climate sanskriti ko aakaar deta hai, kyunki kai tyohaar rituon aur fasal se jude hain, aur arthvyavastha ko bhi. Monsoon failure ka matlab hai monsoon ki ritu mein kam baarish. Kheti ko nuksaan hota hai, logon (aam taur pe mahilaon) ko paani ke liye door tak jaana padta hai, aur khet mazdoor shehron ki taraf jaa sakte hain. Anaaj, sabziyan aur phal mehenge hote hain, jisse mehngaai badhti hai, aur sthir mausam aur paani pe tiki industry bhi prabhaavit hoti hai.

Ye kyun zaroori hai

Monsoon jalaashay bharta hai, fasalon ko paani deta hai aur karodon logon ke saal ki lay tay karta hai. Iske peeche ke zameen aur samudra ke asar climate ke factors mein samjhaaye gaye hain, aur bhaari baarish se aane waali baadh aur landslide aapdaayein aur climate change mein. Har sawaal ka jawab Chapter 3 ke NCERT solutions mein hai; poore Chapter 3 ke notes bhi dekho.