Climate se judi aapdaayein aur climate change

Jab weather ugra ho jaaye

Bharat ka vividh weather kabhi-kabhi ugra ghatnaayein laata hai: cyclone, baadh, landslide aur climate se judi doosri aapdaayein. Ye jaan leti hain, kheti mein rukaavat daalti hain, sadakon, pulon aur imaaraton ko nuksaan pahunchaati hain, aur sthaaniya arthvyavastha bigaadti hain. Ye kaise aur kahan aati hain, ye jaanne se taiyaari mein madad milti hai.

Cyclone

Har saal kai cyclone Bharat ke tat se takraate hain, khaas kar poorvi tat se. Kuch bahut vinaashkaari rahe hain: unme insaan aur jaanwar maare gaye, sampatti aur infrastructure toota, ped ukhde aur mitti beh gayi. Cyclone tab shuru hota hai jab samudra ke upar hawa ka pressure aas-paas ke ilaakon se kaafi gir jaata hai. Har taraf se hawa is kam pressure ke ilaake mein aati hai aur samudra se nami laati hai. Agar ye kam pressure bahut gehra ho aur hawayein tez hon, to cyclone banta hai: nam hawayein baadal banaati hain aur ek shaant, bina baadal ke kendra ke chaaron or andar ghoomti hain, jise cyclone ki aankh kehte hain. India Meteorological Department (IMD) cyclones pe nazar rakhta hai, unke banne aur badhne se lekar ve kahan zameen se takraayenge, tak. National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), jiski battalions Bharat mein 12 jagahon pe hain, cyclone, baadh aur landslide mein logon ko bachaane aur nikaalne ke liye prashikshit hai.

Baadh

Baadh tab aati hai jab paani us zameen pe phail jaaye jo aam taur pe sookhi rehti hai. Bhaari baarish itna bahaav bana sakti hai jitna zameen sokh na sake, ya nadiyan aur jheelein itni bhar sakti hain ki ve uphan jaayein ya unke kinaare toot jaayein. Baadh monsoon mein aam hai, aur Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh aur Assam khaas taur pe khatre mein hain. Himalaya mein baadh glacial jheelon se bhi aati hai, jo chattaan aur barf ki deewaar se ruki hoti hain aur pighalte glaciers se bharti hain. Agar glaciers bahut tezi se pighlein, jaisa ab badhta ja raha hai, ya bahut baarish ho, to paani deewaar tod sakta hai: ise glacial burst kehte hain. 2013 mein Uttarakhand mein kai din ki bhaari baarish se glacial burst hua aur uske baad landslide hue; Kedarnath mandir ke aas-paas ka ilaaka tabaah ho gaya aur lagbhag 6,000 log, jinme kai teerthyaatri the, maare gaye. Shehron mein bhi baadh aati hai, jab naaliyon pe bojh zyaada ho, imaaratein jalmaargon ko rokein, aur concrete aur asphalt paani ko zameen mein jaane na dein.

Landslide

Landslide chattaan, mitti ya malbe ka achaanak dhahna hai, jo aksar bhaari baarish, bhookamp ya jwalamukhi se hota hai. Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim aur Arunachal Pradesh jaise pahaadi aur parvatiya ilaakon mein, aur Western Ghats mein, landslide aam hain, zyaadatar monsoon mein. Insaani kaamon ne inhe aur sambhav banaaya hai: jangal kaatna, bina manzoor tareekon ke nirmaan, aur itni imaaratein banaana ki paani ka prakritik bahaav ruk jaaye.

Jangal ki aag

Jangal ki aag wo beqaabu aag hai jo vanaspati mein tezi se phailti hai, sookhe mausam, sookhe (drought) ya tez hawa ki madad se; insaani laaparwaahi bhi aksar kaaran hoti hai. Ye bade jangal ya ghaas ke maidaanon waale rajyon, jaise Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh aur Chhattisgarh, aur Western Ghats jaisi parvat shrinkhalaaon mein aam hai. Aag jangal nasht karti hai, vanyajeevon ko nuksaan pahunchaati hai, ecosystem bigaadti hai, hawa ko pradooshit karti hai aur sthaaniya samudaayon ko ghar chhodne pe majboor karti hai, isliye iski keemat paryaavaran aur arthvyavastha dono chukaate hain.

Climate change

Climate change ka matlab hai climate mein bade, lambe samay ke badlaav, poori Prithvi ke ya kisi kshetra ke: taapmaan, baarish aur weather ki ghatnaon mein badlaav. Laakhon saalon tak prakritik prakriyaayein aise badlaav laati rahin. Par 19vi sadi se climate change mukhya roop se insaani kaamon se ho raha hai: fossil fuels (koyla, petroleum aur natural gas, jo laakhon saal pehle dabe paudhon aur jaanwaron se bane) jalaana, jangal kaatna, nuksaandeh audyogik tareeke aur fizool upbhog.

Fossil fuels kyun maayne rakhte hain? Prithvi ke prakritik carbon chakra mein carbon dioxide aur doosri gases dheere-dheere nikalti hain aur Sooraj ki kuch garmi rokti hain. Yahi prakritik greenhouse effect Prithvi ko jeevan ke laayak garam rakhta hai. Par industry, parivahan aur kheti ne sirf kuch sadiyon mein ye greenhouse gases bhaari maatra mein chhodi hain. Extra gases extra garmi rokti hain, jisse tezi se global warming hoti hai aur wo climate pattern bigadte hain jinke saath paudhe, jaanwar aur insaan hazaaron saalon mein dhale the.

Bharat mein garmi, aur hum kya kar sakte hain

Bharat ke kai hisson mein badhta taapmaan ab mehsoos hota hai. 2025 ki shuruaat mein desh ka ausat taapmaan normal se 1 se 3°C zyaada tha, isliye sardi aam se kaafi chhoti aur halki rahi, jisse kheti ki paidaavar aur kai chhote udyogon pe asar pada. Climate change aur aapdaaon ka rishta samajhna taiyaari mein madad karta hai: paryaavaran ke anukool tareekon se, aur samudaayon mein resilience, yaani jhatke ko jhelkar jaldi ubharne ki kshamta, aur adaptation banaakar. Bharat samet duniya bhar ki sarkaarein mitigation ko badhaava deti hain: greenhouse gas emissions ghataana, ped lagaana, renewable energy badhaana, energy ka behtar upyog aur sustainable, yaani lambe samay tak chal sakne waali, jeevan shaili. Ye kadam aksar tez aarthik vikaas aur zyaada upbhog ki chaah se takraate hain.

Ye kyun zaroori hai

Aapdaayein aur garam hota climate sabko prabhaavit karte hain, aur vyakti, samudaay aur sarkaar ke sahi faisle nuksaan kam karte hain. Bharat ke climates kaise bante hain, ye climate ke factors mein hai, aur baadh laane waali baarish monsoon kya hai mein. Har sawaal ka jawab, aapda waale nibandh samet, Chapter 3 ke NCERT solutions mein hai; poore Chapter 3 ke notes bhi dekho.