NCERT Solutions Class 7 Social Science Chapter 7: The Gupta Era: An Age of Tireless Creativity (Hinglish)

Ye Exploring Society: India and Beyond, yaani Class 7 Social Science ki kitaab Part 1 (Reprint 2026-27), ke Chapter 7, The Gupta Era: An Age of Tireless Creativity, ke har sawaal ke jawaab hain: Big Questions, Think About It ka sawaal, chhahon Let’s Explore activities aur saaton Questions and activities. Page numbers kitaab ke hisaab se hain (pages 145–166). Chhote notes: Chapter 7 ke notes.

The Big Questions (page 145)

1. Gupta kaun the? Gupta kaal ko ‘classical age’ kyun kehte hain? Gupta ek vansh tha jo 3rd century CE mein Kushana samrajya ke kamzor hone par aaj ke Uttar Pradesh ke paas kshetriya shaasakon ke roop mein ubhra. Pataliputra se unhone us yug ka sabse taakatwar samrajya banaaya, jo Chandragupta I, Samudragupta aur Chandragupta II jaise rajaon ke saath 6th century CE tak chala. Ise ‘classical age’ isliye kehte hain kyunki lambi shaanti aur mazboot arthvyavastha se shaasak vidwaanon aur kalakaaron ki madad kar sake: Kalidasa ki Sanskrit kavita, Aryabhata aur Varahamihira ka ganit aur khagol, codify hue Ayurveda granth, jang na lagne waala Iron Pillar, aur Sarnath aur Ajanta ki kala ne aise maapdand banaaye jinhe baad ke yug yaad karte rahe.

2. Baaki upmahadweep mein kya ho raha tha? Usi samay doosre rajya bhi phale phoole. Vakataka Nandivardhana se beech ke hisse par raj karte the aur shaadi se Guptaon ke saathi bane; Pallava dakshin mein Kanchipuram se raj karte the, jo mandiron aur shiksha ka kendra tha; aur Varman vansh ka Kamarupa rajya uttar-poorv mein Brahmaputra ghaati par tha. Samudragupta ne Pallava aur Kamarupa ke shaasakon ko haraaya, par nazraane ke badle unhe gaddi par rehne diya.

3. Is daur ke kuch mahaan log kaun the, aur unki kahaaniyan aaj kyun maayne rakhti hain? Samudragupta, Chandragupta II aur regent Prabhavati Gupta; yaatri Faxian; Aryabhata, jinhone kaha ki Dharti apni dhuri par ghoomti hai; Varahamihira, jinki Brihat Samhita khagol, mausam aur nagar yojana tak jaati hai; aur kavi Kalidasa. Inki kahaaniyan isliye maayne rakhti hain kyunki inke vichaar aaj bhi Bharat ke ganit, khagol, chikitsa, sahitya aur kala ko aakaar dete hain, aur ye dikhaati hain ki jab gyaan ki kadar hoti hai to rachnaatmakta kaise badhti hai.

Think About It (page 150)

Raja apni uplabdhiyan lekhon mein kyun likhwaate the? Pathar ke stambhon, chattaanon aur dhaatu par likhe lekh sadiyon tak tikte hain, isliye raja ke kaam unki maut ke kaafi baad tak yaad rehte. Saarvajanik jagahon par lage lekh padhkar sunaaye jaate aur kai log unhe dekhte, jisse raja ki shohrat aur raj karne ka daava phailta. Ye unki bhakti aur daanveerta bhi dikhaate the. Yaad rakhna chahiye ki Harisena jaise darbaari kavi raja ki tareef ke liye likhte the, isliye lekh ek chamakdaar tasveer dikhaate hain aur unhe doosre sroton se jaanchna padta hai.

Let’s Explore (page 151): ab tak ke srot

• Iron Pillar aur uska lekh: ‘Chandra’ naam ke raja, yaani Vishnu bhakt Chandragupta II; aur lohaaron ka hunar, kyunki 1,600 saal mein is par jang nahi lagi.
• Chandragupta I aur Kumaradevi ka sone ka sikka: rani aur gathbandhanon ka mahatva, aur peeche ki taraf Lakshmi ki pooja.
• Harisena ki prayaga prashasti: Samudragupta ka dharti ko ek karne ka lakshya, unke yuddh, haare rajaon ke saath vyavhaar, aur kala, gyaan aur vyapaar ko badhaava.
• Samudragupta ka veena waala sikka: unka sangeet prem.
• Ashvamedha sikka: raja sarvochch shakti ka daava karne ke liye ye yajna karte the aur khaas sikkon se ise yaad rakhte the.
• Vishnu Purana, ek saahityik srot: samrajya ke mukhya ilaake, Anuganga, Prayaga, Saketa aur Magadha.

Let’s Explore (page 151): rajya aur Union territories

Fig. 7.8 ke chhaaya waale hisse ko political map par rakhne se samrajya aaj ke lagbhag ek darjan rajyon aur Union territories ko poora ya kuch hissa dhakta hai: Punjab, Chandigarh, Haryana, Delhi, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand aur West Bengal, aur iske kinaare Himachal Pradesh, Chhattisgarh aur Odisha ko chhoote hain. 11 se 15 tak ki ginti theek hai, kyunki chhote map par seema andaazan hai aur kuch rajya sirf aadhe dhake hain; isliye saathiyon ki ginti alag aa sakti hai.

Let’s Explore (page 153): Faxian ka varnan

Unke bataaye samaaj ki mukhya baatein: badi aur santusht aabaadi; adhikaariyon ki kam dakhal, kyunki gharon ka panjikaran nahi hota tha; raja ki zameen ke kisaan anaaj ka hissa dete the; shaahi rakshakon aur sevakon ko vetan milta tha; Gangetic plains ke bade, samriddh shehar, jinke log daya aur achchhe aacharan ko maante the; vyapaari parivaar daan ghar chalaate the jahan khaana aur dawa milti thi; gareebon, anaathon aur beemaron ki dekhbhaal, aur vaidya zarooratmandon ka ilaaj karte the; videshi vyapaariyon samet amir vyapaari aur unke sundar ghar; aur saaf suthri galiyaan. Kahin aur ve chandalon ke saath kathor vyavhaar bhi likhte hain, jinhe shehar ke bahar rehna padta tha. Alag padhne waale alag baaton par zor de sakte hain, isliye itihaaskaar kai sroton ko milaate hain.

Let’s Explore (page 155): Prabhavati Gupta ka darbaar

Painting mein (jo ek kalakaar ki kalpana hai) Prabhavati Gupta nakkaashidaar singhaasan par baithi hain, mukut, laal kapde aur gahne pehne, aur unki god mein ek chhota bachcha hai. Unke peeche ek sevak chauri liye khada hai, jo raajsi nishaani hai; pagdi pehne kuch log, jinme se ek ke haath mein kaagaz hai, haath jodkar khade hain ya jhuke hain; aur hall mein nakkaashidaar khambhe hain. In baaton se lagta hai ki ve apne chhote bete ke liye regent ke roop mein raj kar rahi thi, mantri aur vidwaan unhe report karte aur unka aadar karte the, aur unka darbaar amir aur vyavasthit tha. Ye bhi dikhta hai ki is daur mein ek mahila asli shakti rakh sakti thi.

Let’s Explore (page 159): interview ke sawaal

Aryabhata se: Aapne kaise pata lagaaya ki Dharti apni dhuri par ghoomti hai? Bina aaj ke upkaranon ke aapne saal ki lambaai itni sahi kaise naapi? Grahan kyun hote hain, aur log unse kyun darte hain? Aapne Dharti ke aakaar ka andaaza kaise lagaaya? Students ko sabse pehle hisaab ka kaunsa tareeka seekhna chahiye?

Varahamihira se: Brihat Samhita ke liye itne vishayon ka gyaan aapne kaise jama kiya? Prakriti ko dekhkar mausam ka anumaan kaise lagaaya ja sakta hai? Ek achchhe shehar ki yojana mein kya hona chahiye? Kisaan aapse sabse zyaada kis fasal ke baare mein poochhte the? Aap kaise tay karte hain ki koi purana vichaar sahi hai?

Let’s Explore (page 160): kaun se devta?

Fig. 7.15.1 Shiva hain: linga par bana ek chehra, jataaon aur ardh chandra ke saath. Fig. 7.15.2 Vishnu hain: mukut, bada prabhaamandal aur chaar haath, jinme shankh jaise unke chinh hain. Teesri tasveer, jaisa caption kehta hai, nadi deviyon Ganga ko makara par aur Yamuna ko kachhue par khade dikhaati hai.

Questions and activities (pages 165–166)

1. Pataliputra se ek chitthi (namoona).

Pataliputra se namaste! Yahan zindagi rangeen aur josh se bhari hai. Kal hi maine dekha ki Ganga par naavon ki lambi kataar bazaar ke liye sooti kapda, masaale aur haathi daant utaar rahi thi, aur door deshon ke vyapaari kai bhaashaaon mein mol bhaav kar rahe the. Shehar bahut bada hai, aur galiyaan saaf aur vyavasthit rakhi jaati hain. Bazaar ke paas ek vyapaari parivaar ka daan ghar bina paise ke khaana aur dawa deta hai, aur wahan vaidya gareebon aur beemaron ka ilaaj karte hain. Raja ki zameen jotne waale kisaan apne anaaj ka hissa lekar aaye, aur vetan paane waale shaahi rakshak darwaazon par pehra de rahe the. Shaam ko Vishnu ke ek mandir mein log raja ki un jeeton ki baat kar rahe the jo ek darbaari kavi ne stambh par likhi hain. Dukaanon mein raja aur Lakshmi waale sone ke sikke chalte hain. Darbaar ke vidwaan taaron aur ghoomti Dharti par charcha karte hain, aur kisi ne ek baadal ke sandesh le jaane par Sanskrit mein nayi kavita sunaayi. Par ye aaraam sabke liye nahi hai: chandalon ko shehar ki deewaron ke bahar rehna padta hai, aur ye dekhkar mujhe dukh hua. Phir bhi har taraf shaanti, vyapaar aur gyaan hai, aur har din kuch naya dekhne ko milta hai. Jaldi jawaab likhna aur batana ki tumhare shehar mein zindagi kaisi hai!

2. Chandragupta II ko Vikramaditya bhi kaha jaata tha.

3. Gupta samrajya mein shaanti aur tarakki. Ye kathan Gupta kaal par achchhi tarah laagu hota hai. Lambi shaanti aur sthirta ne land tax, shilp aur zameen aur samudra ke vyapaar se arthvyavastha ko mazboot kiya, isliye shaasak vidwaanon, kalakaaron aur vaigyaanikon ki madad kar sake. Chandragupta II ke darbaar mein kavi aur gyaani log rehte the. Sahitya mein Kalidasa ne Sanskrit kavitaayein likhi aur kai bade Purana bane; vigyaan mein Aryabhata aur Varahamihira ne ganit aur khagol ko aage badhaaya; chikitsa mein Ayurveda codify hua; dhaatu ke kaam mein Iron Pillar bana; aur kala mein Sarnath, Ajanta aur Udayagiri phale phoole. Pichhla gyaan bhi granthon mein ikattha hua. Shaanti akeli wajah nahi thi, kyunki dhan aur shaahi sahayog bhi zaroori the, aur Huna hamle shuru hote hi samrajya kamzor pad gaya.

4. Chandragupta II ke darbaar ka ek drishya (namoona script). Roles: Raja Chandragupta II, ek mantri, Kalidasa, Varahamihira, ek vyapaari, Vakataka darbaar se aaya ek doot.

Doot: Maharajadhiraj, Rajkumari Prabhavati ne Vakataka darbaar se pranaam bheja hai. Dono rajyon ki dosti mazboot hai.

Raja: Unse kehna ki unke pita ko un par garv hai. Mantri ji, praanton se kya khabar hai?

Mantri: Zameen ke daan copper plates par likhe ja chuke hain, aur is saal land tax achchha aaya hai.

Vyapaari: Maharaj, hamare jahaz Socotra se laut aaye hain, aur Egypt aur Rome ke vyapaari hamara aur kapda aur masaala chahte hain.

Varahamihira: Aasmaan ke sanket aur hawaayein achchhi baarish bata rahi hain, to kisaan samay par buaai kar sakenge.

Kalidasa: To un baadalon par kuch panktiyan suniye jo baarish laate hain.

Raja: Gyaan aur buddhi se hi rajya mazboot hota hai. Is darbaar mein vidwaanon aur kaviyon ko hamesha jagah milti rahe.

5. (1) Kanchipuram – (d) ‘hazaar mandiron ka shehar’; (2) Ujjayini – (e) praacheen Bharat ka ek prasiddh shiksha kendra; (3) Udayagiri – (b) Hindu devtaaon, khaas kar Vishnu, ki baareek nakkaashi waali chattaani gufaayein; (4) Ajanta – (a) Jataka kathaaon ke gufa chitra; (5) Pataliputra – (c) Guptaon ki rajdhani.

6. Pallava kaun the aur kahan raj karte the? Pallava dakshin ka ek vansh the jinki shuruaat saaf nahi hai; ve shaayad Satavahanon ke adheen the aur Satavahanon ke kamzor hone par ubhre. Dheere dheere unhone aaj ke Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Telangana aur Andhra Pradesh ke hisson par raj kiya, rajdhani Kanchipuram se, jise ‘hazaar mandiron ka shehar’ kehte hain, aur ye raj late 9th century CE tak chala. Zyaadatar Shiva ke bhakt, unhone mandir aur chattaan mein kaati gufaayein banwaayi, aur ghatikaon ke saath Kanchipuram shiksha ka bada kendra bana. Samudragupta ne ek Pallava shaasak ko haraaya, par nazraane ke badle rajya unke adheen chalne diya.

7. Virasat yaatra ki report. Teachers ke saath yaatra ki yojana banaao, phir report in headings mein likho: jagah, wo kahan hai aur kab bani; uska aitihaasik mahatva; vaastu, jaise naksha, saamagri, khambhe, nakkaashi ya chitra; dekhi gayi cheezein aur ve kya batati hain; guide ya labels se mili rochak baatein; aur tumne kya seekha. Ant mein socho ki jagah dekhkar itihaas kitna asli laga, jaise mandir ki nakkaashi ne kahaaniyan kaise sunaayi ya ek purane sikke ne kisi raja ko kaise dikhaaya. Jahan ijaazat ho, sketch ya photo jodo.

Chhote notes aur zyaada practice topic pages par hain: Gupta samrajya, classical age ki kala aur vigyaan aur Vakataka, Pallava aur Kamarupa.