Vakataka, Pallava aur Kamarupa

Guptaon ke aas paas ke rajya

Gupta samrajya apne samay ki sabse badi shakti tha, par akela nahi tha. 3rd se 6th century CE ke beech Vakataka upmahadweep ke beech mein raj karte the, Pallava dakshin mein ubhre aur Kamarupa rajya uttar-poorv mein phala phoola. Inme se kuch rajya badhne ke liye aapas mein lade, jabki kuch dost bane; Kautilya ne shaasakon ko saathi banaane ki salaah di thi, aur Guptaon ne bhi aisa kiya.

Vakataka aur Prabhavati Gupta

Aaj ke Nagpur ke paas Nandivardhana se Vakataka upmahadweep ke beech ke hisse par raj karte the, aur ve Guptaon ke dakshini padosi the. Dono parivaar shaadi se jude: Chandragupta II ki beti Prabhavati Gupta ki shaadi ek Vakataka raajkumar se hui. Raajkumar ki jaldi maut ho gayi, aur Prabhavati ne apne beton ke bade hone tak regent ke roop mein shaasan kiya. Unka ek lekh unhe ‘do rajaon ki maa’ kehta hai, kyunki unke dono bete baad mein Vakataka gaddi par baithe. Unke shaasan mein Guptaon ke saath dosti mazboot rahi. Apne pita ki tarah ve Vishnu ki bhakt thi, aur Vishnu aur unke avataron ke saat mandiron se unka naam juda hai, jinme se kuch aaj ke Maharashtra mein Ramagiri (Ramtek hill) par hain. Kitaab ki ek painting, jo ek kalakaar ki kalpana hai, unhe darbaar mein baithe dikhaati hai.

Kanchipuram ke Pallava

Pallavon ki shuruaat saaf nahi hai, par ve shaayad pehle Satavahanon ke adheen the, jinse hum pichhle chapter mein mile, aur Satavahanon ke kamzor hone par ubhre. Dheere dheere unhone aaj ke Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Telangana aur Andhra Pradesh ke ilaakon par kabza kiya aur 9th century CE ke doosre hisse tak raj kiya. Zyaadatar Pallava raja Shiva ki pooja karte the aur unhone shaandaar mandir aur chattaan mein kaati gufaayein banwaayi. Unki rajdhani Kanchipuram, jise aksar ‘hazaar mandiron ka shehar’ kehte hain, dakshin ke bade shiksha kendron mein se ek bani, jisme ghatikaon ne madad ki, yaani shiksha ke ve kendra jo pehle Satavahanon ke samay dikhe the.

Uttar-poorv mein Kamarupa

Uttar-poorv mein Varman vansh ne Kamarupa rajya par raj kiya, jo Brahmaputra ghaati, lagbhag aaj ke Assam, aur Bengal aur Bangladesh ke uttari hisson tak phaila tha. Is ghaati ka ek purana naam Pragjyotisha hai, jo Ramayana aur Mahabharata mein milta hai; Mahabharata kehta hai ki iske raja Bhagadatta Kauravon ki taraf se lade, aur baad ke kuch shaasakon ne unhe apna poorvaj bataaya. Kamarupa ek jeevant sanskritik aur raajnaitik kendra tha, jahan mandir aur math shiksha ke kendra bane.

Samudragupta aur unke padosi

Pallava aur Kamarupa dono ka naam prayaga prashasti mein hai. Dakshin ke abhiyaanon mein Samudragupta ne ek Pallava shaasak ko haraaya, par ilaaka sthaaniya haathon mein hi chhod diya; sthaaniya raja tab tak gaddi par rahe jab tak unhone unhe maalik maana aur nazraana bheja. Uttar-poorv mein Kamarupa ke shaasak ke saath bhi unhone yahi kiya. Haraana, phir seedhe raj ke bajaay nazraana lena, is tareeke ne shaanti banaaye rakhi, aur ye Bharat ke itihaas mein baar baar dikhta hai.

Ek timeline, chaar shaktiyan

Ek hi timeline par rakhne se chaaron shaktiyan ek doosre se milti dikhti hain. Vakataka lagbhag 500 CE tak aur Gupta lagbhag 300 se 550 CE tak rahe, jabki Kamarupa aur Pallava 600 CE ke kaafi baad tak chale. Is yug ke mahaan log, Samudragupta aur Prabhavati Gupta se lekar Kalidasa, Aryabhata aur Varahamihira tak, sab inhi teen sadiyon mein hue.

Ye kyun zaroori hai

Ye rajya dikhaate hain ki Gupta yug sirf uttar mein nahi, poore upmahadweep mein samriddh tha: Kanchipuram aur Kamarupa apne aap mein shiksha ke kendra the. Samrajya khud Gupta samrajya mein hai, aur uska vigyaan aur kala classical age ki kala aur vigyaan mein. Har sawaal ke jawaab Chapter 7 ke NCERT solutions mein hain; poore Chapter 7 ke notes bhi dekho.