Class 7 Social Science Chapter 9: From the Rulers to the Ruled: Types of Governments (Hinglish Notes)
Ye chapter 5 lines mein
From the Rulers to the Ruled sarkaar ke prakaaron ki tulna karta hai. Har sarkaar niyam banaati, laagu karti aur jhagde nipataati hai, par sarkaarein is baat mein alag hain ki unhe shakti kaun deta hai, ve kaise banti hain aur kiske liye kaam karti hain. Democracy, direct ya representative, parliamentary ya presidential, logon par tiki hai; rajtantra, dharmtantra, tanashahi aur kuleentantra mein shakti ek ya kuch logon ke paas rehti hai.
Ye chapter kis baare mein hai?
Chapter Kautilya ke Arthashastra se shuru hota hai, jo kehta hai ki desh ke andar raja ke teen kartavya hain: hamle se rajya ki raksha (raksha), kanoon vyavastha banaaye rakhna (palana) aur logon ka kalyaan (yogakshema). Phir ye chaar sawaal poochhta hai: sarkaar ke kaun se prakaar hain, sarkaarein shakti kahan se paati hain, sarkaar logon se kaise judti hai, aur democracy kyun zaroori hai.
Sarkaar kya karti hai
Sarkaar kanoon vyavastha banaaye rakhti hai, shaanti aur suraksha deti hai, doosre deshon se rishte sambhaalti hai, desh ki raksha karti hai, shiksha, swaasthya aur infrastructure jaisi sevaayein deti hai, arthvyavastha chalaati hai aur logon ke kalyaan ke liye kaam karti hai. Iske liye use niyam banaane, unhe laagu karne aur unka paalan karvaane padte hain. Yahi uske teen kaam hain: legislative, executive aur judicial.
Democracy: logon ka raaj
Ek school ki kahaani democracy samjhaati hai. Head Teacher school ke niyam banaane aur chalaane mein madad ke liye ek student committee chahti hain. Students teen tareeke sochte hain: sab shaamil hon, Head Teacher chunein, ya har class ek pratinidhi chune. Teesra tareeka har class ko aawaaz deta hai aur committee ko kaam laayak bhi rakhta hai, aur democracy isi tarah chalti hai: log apni taraf se raaj karne ke liye pratinidhi chunte hain. Abraham Lincoln ne democracy ko logon ki, logon dwara, logon ke liye sarkaar kaha. Padho democracy kyun zaroori hai.
Sarkaarein kaise alag hain
Chaar sawaal farq dikhaate hain. Sarkaar ko adhikaar kaun deta hai: log, jaise Bharat mein, ya dharmik aastha, jaise dharmtantra mein? Sarkaar kaise banti hai: chunaav se, ya shaahi parivaar mein janm se? Uske hisse kya hain, aur kya teeno kaam alag alag sansthaayein karti hain ya ek hi? Aur wo kiske liye kaam karti hai: sabki samaanta aur samriddhi ke liye, ya sirf kuch parivaaron ya samoohon ke liye?
Democracy ke roop
Aaj democracy sarkaar ka sabse prachalit roop hai. Iske siddhaant hain samaanta, swatantrata, pratinidhi bhaagidaari, universal adult franchise, maulik adhikaar aur swatantra nyaypaalika, haalaanki har democracy in aadarshon tak nahi pahunchti. Direct democracy mein sab naagrik sab kuch tay karte hain, jo bade deshon mein mushkil hai; zyaadatar desh representative democracy hain, jahan niyamit chunaav hote hain, Bharat mein har paanch saal aur USA mein har chaar saal. Bharat parliamentary democracy hai, jahan pradhan mantri aur mantri parishad Parliament se aate hain; USA presidential democracy hai, jahan president alag se chuna jaata hai. Padho parliamentary aur presidential democracy.
Itihaas mein ek jhalak
Praacheen Bharat mein Vajji mahajanapada ke Lichchhavi yogyata se netaa chunte aur milkar faisle karte the, isliye aise rajyon ko shuruaati ganrajya kaha jaata hai. Tamil Nadu ke Uttaramerur mein 10th century ke Chola abhilekh gaon ki sabha ke chunaav ka varnan karte hain, band ballot boxon aur bhrasht sadasyon ko hataane ke niyamon ke saath. Raja se bhi rajdharma maanne ki ummeed thi, yaani dharm ke anusaar sabke kalyaan ke liye raaj, jaisa Bhishma ne Yudhishthira ko sikhaaya.
Sarkaar ke doosre roop
Rajtantra mein raja ya rani raaj karte hain, aam taur par vansh se: absolute monarch, jaise Saudi Arabia mein, ke paas saari shakti hoti hai, jabki constitutional monarch, jaise United Kingdom mein, ke paas sirf naam ki shakti. Dharmtantra mein, jaise Iran, dharm ke niyam aur dharm guru raaj karte hain. Tanashahi mein ek vyakti ya chhote samooh ke paas asimit shakti hoti hai, jaise Germany mein Hitler aur Uganda mein Idi Amin. Kuleentantra mein kuch amir ya prabhaavshaali log bade faisle karte hain. Padho sarkaar ke prakaar.
Aage badhne se pehle
Har desh ko sarkaar chahiye, par sarkaarein is baat mein alag hain ki faisla kaun karta hai, ve kaise banti hain, unke hisse kya karte hain aur ve kiski seva karti hain. Aaj sabse prachalit democracy ke direct, parliamentary aur presidential roop hain; rajtantra, dharmtantra, tanashahi aur kuleentantra doosre roop hain. Democracy zaroori hai, par naagrikon ko uski chunautiyon se satark rehna hoga. Har sawaal ke jawaab Chapter 9 ke NCERT solutions mein hain.
Key terms (zaroori shabd)
| Term | Matlab |
|---|---|
| Sarkaar (government) | Desh chalaane waali vyavastha: kanoon vyavastha, suraksha, sevaayein aur logon ka kalyaan dekhti hai. |
| Legislative, executive aur judicial kaam | Niyam banaana, unhe laagu karke desh chalaana, aur dekhna ki niyam maane ja rahe hain. |
| Democracy (loktantra) | ‘Logon ka raaj’: shakti ka srot log hain, jo raaj karne ke liye apne pratinidhi chunte hain. |
| Pratinidhi (representative) | Kisi samooh ki taraf se bolne aur faisle lene ke liye chuna gaya vyakti, jaise class representative ya saansad. |
| Universal adult franchise | Ek tay umar se upar ke har vayask naagrik ka vote ka adhikaar; Bharat ne ise 1950 mein republic ki shuruaat se diya. |
| Javaabdehi (accountability) | Sarkaar ka un logon ke prati jawaabdeh hona jinhone use chuna. |
| Parliamentary democracy | Aisi democracy jisme executive legislature se aata hai aur tab tak rehta hai jab tak legislature ka bharosa ho, jaise Bharat. |
| Presidential democracy | Aisi democracy jisme president alag se chuna jaata hai aur use legislature ke bharose ki zaroorat nahi, jaise USA. |
| Republic (ganrajya) | Aisa rajya jiska pramukh chuna jaata hai, vansh se nahi aata, jaise praacheen Bharat ka Vajji mahajanapada. |
| Rajtantra (monarchy) | Raja ya rani ka raaj, aam taur par vanshaanugat; absolute jab raja ke paas saari shakti ho, constitutional jab sirf naam ki. |
| Dharmtantra aur tanashahi | Dharm ke niyamon aur dharm guruon ka raaj; aur ek vyakti ya chhote samooh ka aisa raaj jis par kisi samvidhaan ya kanoon ki seema na ho. |
| Kuleentantra (oligarchy) | Kuch logon ka raaj, aam taur par amir ya prabhaavshaali logon ka chhota samooh; Greek shabdon ‘kuch’ aur ‘raaj’ se. |
Is chapter ke topics
Practice karo
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Sarkaar ka kaunsa kaam kanoon banaane ka hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Legislative
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Bharat kis tarah ki democracy hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (c) Parliamentary
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Kaunsa desh constitutional monarchy hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) United Kingdom
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Switzerland mein mahilaaon ko vote ka adhikaar kis saal mila?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (d) 1971
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Kuch shaktishaali logon ke chhote samooh ka raaj kya kehlaata hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Oligarchy
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10th century ke kis abhilekh mein band ballot box waale gaon ke chunaav ka varnan hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Uttaramerur
Students ke sawal
Class 7 SST Chapter 9 ke mukhya topics kya hain?
Sarkaar kya hai aur uske teen kaam; sarkaarein kaise alag hoti hain; democracy ka matlab aur uske siddhaant; direct aur representative democracy, aur uske parliamentary aur presidential roop; Bharat aur doosri jagahon ke shuruaati ganrajya; rajtantra, dharmtantra, tanashahi aur kuleentantra; aur democracy kyun zaroori hai, uski chunautiyon ke saath.
Kya From the Rulers to the Ruled nayi NCERT Class 7 Social Science ki kitaab mein hai?
Haan. Ye Exploring Society: India and Beyond, yaani Class 7 Social Science ki kitaab Part 1 (Reprint 2026-27), ka Chapter 9 hai, pages 185 se 208 tak, Governance and Democracy theme mein. Iska poora naam From the Rulers to the Ruled: Types of Governments hai.
Sarkaar ke alag alag prakaar kaun se hain?
Democracy, jisme log apne pratinidhi chunte hain, direct ya representative ho sakti hai, aur representative democracy parliamentary (Bharat) ya presidential (USA) ho sakti hai. Doosre roop hain rajtantra (absolute ya constitutional), dharmtantra (dharm ka raaj), tanashahi (ek vyakti ki asimit shakti) aur kuleentantra (kuch logon ka raaj).
Democracy ko doosre roopon se behtar kyun maana jaata hai?
Democracy mein log sarkaar chunte hain aur agle chunaav mein badal sakte hain, isliye sarkaar ko unhe jawaab dena padta hai. Naagrikon ko baraabar adhikaar, bolne ki aazaadi aur unki raksha karne waali swatantra nyaypaalika milti hai, aur sarkaar sabke kalyaan ke liye hoti hai. Bhrashtaachaar jaisi samasyaayein bhi hain, isliye naagrikon ko satark rehna chahiye.
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