Sarkaar ke prakaar

Sarkaarein alag kyun hain

Har desh ka apna itihaas, sanskriti aur sapne hote hain, isliye sarkaarein alag hoti hain aur samay ke saath badalti hain. Chaar sawaal tulna mein madad karte hain. Sarkaar ka adhikaar kahan se aata hai? Wo kaise banti hai? Uske hisse kya hain aur har hissa kya karta hai? Aur wo kiske liye kaam karti hai? Democracy, rajtantra, dharmtantra, tanashahi aur kuleentantra in sawaalon ke alag jawaab dete hain.

Democracy, thode mein

Democracy mein shakti ka srot log hain: ve pratinidhi chunte hain, aam taur par chunaav se, aur sarkaar ko unhe jawaab dena hota hai. Iske niyam aam taur par samvidhaan mein likhe hote hain, aur legislature, executive aur judiciary aksar alag hote hain. Democracy direct ya representative, parliamentary ya presidential ho sakti hai, aur vistaar parliamentary aur presidential democracy mein hai.

Rajtantra, tab aur ab

Praacheen Bharat ke mahajanapadon ke mukhiya raja the jinhe sabha ya samiti raah dikhaati thi, aur bade samraat bhi mantri parishad aur adhikaariyon par nirbhar the, aur dharm ke maamlon mein aksar vidwaanon ki salaah lete the. Duniya ke kuch hisson mein raajaaon ke paas saari shakti thi aur ve kehte the ki ye Ishwar se mili hai, par Bharat ke kaafi hisse mein raja se rajdharma ke andar, sabke kalyaan ke liye, raaj karne ki ummeed thi. Mahabharata mein Bhishma Yudhishthira ko sikhaate hain ki raja praja ko pehle rakhe, kanoon nishpaksh laagu kare aur yaad rakhe ki shakti asthaayi hai. Aaj rajtantra ka matlab vanshaanugat raja ya rani ka raaj hai. Absolute monarchy mein, jaise Saudi Arabia, raja kanoon banaata, laagu karta aur jhagde nipataata hai. Constitutional monarchy mein, jaise United Kingdom, raja ki shakti sirf naam ki hai aur chuni hui Parliament aur pradhan mantri raaj chalaate hain.

Dharmtantra, tanashahi aur kuleentantra

Dharmtantra dharm ke niyamon aur dharm guruon se chalta hai. Iran dharmtantra aur democracy ko milaata hai: Islamic dharm guruon ke ek samooh dwara jeevan bhar ke liye chune gaye Supreme Leader ke paas teeno shaakhaaon par aakhri faisla hai, jabki chune hue president aur parliament roz ka kaam dekhte hain. Afghanistan aur Vatican City bhi dharmtantra hain. Tanashahi mein ek vyakti ya chhote samooh ke paas kisi samvidhaan ya kanoon ki seema ke bina shakti hoti hai. 1933 mein Germany ka Chancellor bane Adolf Hitler ne khud ko poori shakti di, Holocaust mein kam se kam 60 lakh Yahudiyon aur laakhon Roma aur doosre logon ki maut ka kaaran bana, aur World War II shuru kiya; Idi Amin ne Uganda mein hazaaron logon ko maara aur kai Bhartiya mool ke logon ko desh chhodne par majboor kiya. Kuleentantra mein, jo ‘kuch’ aur ‘raaj’ ke Greek shabdon se bana hai, ek chhota, aam taur par amir samooh bade faisle karta hai.

Bina aawaaz ka jeevan

Chapter North Korea mein rehne waale Shane ki kahaani batata hai. Use tab tak fauj mein rehna hai jab tak sarkaar chahe, baal aur kapdon ke niyam maanne hain, global internet ke bina rehna hai aur niyam todne waalon ki report karni hai. Jab ek tourist ne poochha ki sabke baal ek jaise kyun hain, to Shane ne kaha ki log naye style chahte hain par baal kaise rakhne hain ye sarkaar tay karti hai. Roz ki zindagi par aisa niyantran dikhata hai ki democracy ke bina jeena kaisa hota hai.

Ye kyun zaroori hai

Sarkaar ke prakaar jaanne se samajh aata hai ki hamari roz ki aazaadiyan is par kitni nirbhar hain ki desh kaise chalta hai. Democracy ki keemat kyun hai aur use kya khatre hain, ye democracy kyun zaroori hai mein hai. Har sawaal ke jawaab Chapter 9 ke NCERT solutions mein hain; poore Chapter 9 ke notes bhi dekho.