Democracy kyun zaroori hai?

Logon ka raaj

Democracy ka matlab hai logon ka raaj: shakti aur adhikaar naagrikon se aate hain. School ki kahaani mein har class se ek pratinidhi chunne se har grade ko aawaaz milti hai aur committee itni chhoti bhi rehti hai ki kaam kar sake. Desh bhi isi tarah chalta hai, aur chune hue pratinidhi uski legislature banaate hain. Abraham Lincoln ka vaakya, logon ki, logon dwara, logon ke liye sarkaar, aaj bhi democracy ke liye istemaal hota hai.

Iske siddhaant

Har democracy kuch buniyaadi siddhaanton par tiki hai. Samaanta ka matlab baraabar vyavhaar, school aur ilaaj tak baraabar pahunch, aur kanoon ke saamne sab baraabar. Swatantrata ka matlab log apni pasand chun sakte aur jo sochte hain wo keh sakte hain. Pratinidhi bhaagidaari ka matlab har koi pratinidhi chun sakta hai, universal adult franchise ke zariye, yaani ek tay umar se upar ke har vayask ka vote. Samaanta, bolne ki aazaadi aur shoshan se raksha jaise maulik adhikaar surakshit rehte hain, aur ek swatantra nyaypaalika dekhti hai ki naagrik aur sarkaar ka har hissa kanoon maane. Ye aadarsh hain, aur har democracy inhe poora nahi kar paati.

Samay ke saath bade adhikaar

Ye siddhaant bhi dheere dheere aaye. Bharat ne 1950 mein republic ki shuruaat se har vayask ko vote diya, jabki Switzerland mein mahilaayein 1971 se vote de paayi; UK mein sabhi vayaskon ka vote 1928 mein aur USA mein 1965 tak asal mein laagu hua. Democracy bhi alag samay par aayi: USA mein 1787, Switzerland mein 1848, Bharat mein 1947, Germany mein 1949, Kenya mein 1964 aur Nepal mein 2008.

Roopon ki tulna

Democracy ki tulna tanashahi, absolute monarchy aur kuleentantra se karne par farq saaf dikhta hai. Sirf democracy mein universal adult franchise, naagrikon mein samaanta, bolne ki aazaadi, separation of powers aur sabke kalyaan aur samriddhi ka lakshya hai. Baaki roopon mein shakti aur uske faayde ek vyakti ya chhote samooh ke paas rehte hain.

Zimmedaari ke saath aazaadi

Asli democracy mein log chun sakte hain ki kya bolein, kya pehnein, kya maanein aur khud ko kaise vyakt karein, jab tak kisi aur ke adhikaar ko nuksaan na ho. Sarkaar ko ye adhikaar bachaane aur buniyaadi zarooratein poori karni hoti hain, aur agar wo chook jaaye to log agle chunaav mein apne pratinidhi badal sakte hain. Ye lagaataar jaanch sarkaar ko sabke kalyaan par dhyaan dene ko majboor karti hai. Aaj duniya ke aadhe se zyaada desh democracy hain.

Democracy ke khatre

Democracy ki bhi samasyaayein hain: bhrashtaachaar, amiri aur gareebi ka fark, democratic sansthaaon par kuch logon ka zyaada niyantran, kamzor nyaypaalika aur jaankaari ke saath chhed chhaad. 1889 ka ek cartoon, The Bosses of the Senate, ye khatra dikhata hai: vyapaari trusts ke naam waale bade bade paison ke thaile chune hue senators ke upar chhaaye hain, logon ka darwaaza band likha hai aur sirf monopolists ka darwaaza khula hai. Mazboot kanoon, sabke liye baraabar mauke, imaandaar aur khuli jaankaari, swatantra adaalatein aur satark naagrik in khatron ko kaabu mein rakhte hain.

Ye kyun zaroori hai

Democracy hamari roz ki zindagi ko aakaar deti hai, hum kya bol sakte hain se lekar hamare school aur sadkein kaise chalte hain tak, isliye use samajhna aur bachaana har naagrik ka kaam hai. Sarkaar ke doosre prakaar sarkaar ke prakaar mein hain, aur democracy ke alag roop parliamentary aur presidential democracy mein. Har sawaal ke jawaab Chapter 9 ke NCERT solutions mein hain; poore Chapter 9 ke notes bhi dekho.