NCERT Solutions Class 7 Social Science Chapter 9: From the Rulers to the Ruled: Types of Governments (Hinglish)

Ye Exploring Society: India and Beyond, yaani Class 7 Social Science ki kitaab Part 1 (Reprint 2026-27), ke Chapter 9, From the Rulers to the Ruled: Types of Governments, ke har sawaal ke jawaab hain: Big Questions, aathon Let’s Explore activities, dono Think About It, Table 9.2 aur aathon Questions and activities. Page numbers kitaab ke hisaab se hain (pages 185–208). Chhote notes: Chapter 9 ke notes.

The Big Questions (page 185)

1. Sarkaar ke alag alag prakaar kaun se hain? Democracy, jo direct ya representative, aur parliamentary ya presidential ho sakti hai; rajtantra, absolute ya constitutional; dharmtantra; tanashahi; aur kuleentantra.

2. Sarkaarein shakti kahan se paati hain? Democracy mein logon se, jo pratinidhi chunte hain; rajtantra mein shaahi parivaar mein janm se; dharmtantra mein dharmik aastha aur dharm guruon se; tanashahi mein ek vyakti ke shakti hathiyaane aur pakde rehne se; kuleentantra mein ek chhote samooh ki daulat aur prabhaav se.

3. Desh ki sarkaar logon se kaise judti hai? Wo niyam banaati, laagu karti aur jhagde nipataati hai; school, ilaaj aur sadak jaisi sevaayein deti hai, aur suraksha aur kalyaan dekhti hai. Democracy mein log chunaav se hissa lete hain, pratinidhiyon se sawaal poochh sakte hain aur sarkaar badal sakte hain; doosre roopon mein unki aawaaz kam hoti hai.

4. Democracy kyun zaroori hai? Kyunki log apni sarkaar chunte aur badal sakte hain, samaanta aur bolne ki aazaadi jaise adhikaaron ki raksha swatantra nyaypaalika karti hai, aur sarkaar sabke liye kaam karti hai. Iski samasyaayein bhi hain, isliye naagrikon ko satark rehna chahiye.

Let’s Explore (page 186)

Grade 6 ki tasveer aur sarkaar ke aur kaam. Tasveer roz ki zindagi mein sarkaar ki bhoomika dikhaati hai. Aur kaam hain: aspataal aur teekakaran, aapda raahat, jungal aur jaanwaron ki raksha, tax vasooli, rail, daak aur bijli, janm pramaan patra aur passport jaise dastaavez, chunaav karaana, kisaanon aur research ki madad, aur virasat ki raksha.

Think About It (page 187)

Class representative aur MP ya MLA mein farq. Class representative ko kuch darjan sahpaathi chunte hain, wo Head Teacher ke under school ke kaam sambhaalne mein madad karta hai, uska adhikaar school ke niyamon se aata hai aur aam taur par ek school saal ke liye hota hai. MP ya MLA ko ek kshetra ke saare vayask voter (18 aur upar) chunte hain, jo laakhon log hote hain; wo kanoon banaata aur budget paas karta hai, Samvidhaan ke tahat shapath leta hai, paanch saal tak rehta hai aur voters aur sadan ko jawaab deta hai.

Let’s Explore (page 188)

Kaunsa tareeka sabse kaargar hai? Teesra: har class ek pratinidhi chune. Har grade ko aawaaz milti hai, sadasya unhi students dwara chune jaate hain jinki ve seva karte hain, aur pratinidhiyon ki committee itni chhoti hai ki faisla aur kaam kar sake. Sab shaamil hon to faisle bahut mushkil hote hain; Head Teacher chunein to zyaadatar students ki koi aawaaz nahi rehti.

Let’s Explore (page 196): Table 9.1

Do aur desh (hamari pasand). A: United Kingdom. Executive: pradhan mantri aur mantri parishad, raja naam ke pramukh; legislature: House of Commons (zyaada shaktishaali) aur House of Lords; judiciary: swatantra. B: Brazil. Executive: chuna hua president; legislature: Chamber of Deputies aur Federal Senate; judiciary: swatantra. Samaantaayein aur farq: Bharat, Australia aur UK mein pradhan mantri legislature se aate hain, jabki USA, South Korea aur Brazil mein chune hue president hain; legislature ke ek ya do sadan hain jinki shakti baraabar ya kam zyaada hai; par har jagah judiciary swatantra hai aur log apne pratinidhi chunte hain.

Let’s Explore (page 196): democratic student committee

Mukhya siddhaant: samaanta, swatantrata, pratinidhi bhaagidaari, universal adult franchise, maulik adhikaar aur swatantra nyaypaalika. Ek yojana: (1) committee ke kaam tay karo, jaise timetable, khel, mid-day meal, assembly ke vakta aur No Bag Day; (2) har class ummeedwaar naamit kare, kaun khada ho sakta hai iske saral niyamon ke saath; (3) har class mein gupt matdaan ho, aur teacher ki maujoodgi mein khuli ginti; (4) committee apna mukhiya chune aur kaam baante; (5) har mahine students ke sujhaavon ke saath kaam ki samiksha ho, aur har term naye chunaav.

Think About It (page 199)

Khud ko divya shakti waala maanne waala raja. Aisa raja khud ko kisi ke prati jawaabdeh nahi samjhega, isliye wo salaah ko andekha kar sakta hai, sawaal poochhne waalon ko saza de sakta hai, apni marzi se kanoon bana aur badal sakta hai, aur apne hiton ko praja ke kalyaan se upar rakh sakta hai. Logon ke paas anyaay roakne ka koi kanooni raasta nahi hoga.

Let’s Explore (page 204)

Kya Shane ka desh democracy hai? Nahi: log apne shaasak chun ya unse sawaal nahi kar sakte, khulkar bol nahi sakte, global internet tak nahi pahunch sakte, aur hamesha nigraani mein rehte hain. Uski roz ki zindagi niyantrit aur darr bhari hai: lambi fauji seva, tay baal aur kapde, aur duniya ki kam jaankaari. Kya aise desh mein rehna chahenge? Nahi, kyunki wahan chunne, bolne, duniya ke baare mein jaanne ya apne baal tak tay karne ki aazaadi nahi, aur sarkaar badalne ka koi raasta nahi.

Let’s Explore (page 205)

1889 ka cartoon (Fig. 9.13). Cheeni, steel, taamba aur tel jaise vyapaari trusts ke naam waale bade paison ke thaile chhote chune hue senators ke upar chhaaye hain. Upar baayein kone mein ‘People’s Entrance’ par band likha hai, jabki monopolists ka darwaaza khula hai. Yaani asal faisle amir trusts kar rahe hain, logon ke pratinidhi nahi. Kya democracy kuleentantra ban sakti hai? Haan, agar kuch amir ya taakatwar log chuni hui sansthaaon par kabza kar lein. Log soch samajhkar vote dekar, imaandaar pratinidhi maangkar, swatantra press aur adaalaton ka saath dekar, raajneeti mein paise ki shakti seemit karke aur jaankaar rehkar democracy ko mazboot rakh sakte hain.

Table 9.2: naagrikon mein samaanta, bolne ki aazaadi, separation of powers, aur sabka kalyaan aur samriddhi ke liye jawaab democracy ke liye Yes aur tanashahi, absolute monarchy aur kuleentantra ke liye No hai.

Let’s Explore (page 206)

Role play. Democracy: class gupt matdaan se monitor chunti hai aur ek niyam par vote karti hai. Rajtantra: vansh se pad paane waala ‘raja’ faisla karta hai, shaayad salaahkaaron ke saath. Tanashahi: ek student hukm deta hai aur virodh karne waalon ko saza deta hai. Zyaadatar students ko democracy sabse upyukt lagti hai, kyunki sabki aawaaz hoti hai, niyamon par sawaal ho sakte hain aur netaa badle ja sakte hain.

Satark rehne ke liye hum kya karein (page 207)? Vyakti ke roop mein vote do, khabar maanne ya share karne se pehle jaancho, aur bhrashtaachaar mein hissa mat lo; samaaj ke roop mein swatantra press aur adaalaton ka saath do, khuli aur jawaabdeh sarkaar maango, aur dekho ki sansthaayein kuch logon ke kabze mein na jaayein.

Questions and activities (pages 207–208)

1. Democracy (direct aur representative; parliamentary aur presidential), rajtantra (absolute aur constitutional), dharmtantra, tanashahi aur kuleentantra.

2. Bharat parliamentary democracy hai. Democracy isliye kyunki har vayask naagrik vote dekar pratinidhi chun sakta hai, aur parliamentary isliye kyunki pradhan mantri aur mantri parishad Parliament se aate hain aur tabhi tak pad par rehte hain jab tak Lok Sabha ka bharosa ho.

3. Swatantra nyaypaalika (i) sarkaar ke khilaaf bhi naagrikon ke maulik adhikaar bachaati hai; (ii) dekhti hai ki kanoon amir aur taakatwar samet sab par baraabar laagu ho; aur (iii) legislature aur executive ko Samvidhaan ki seema mein rakhti aur jhagde nishpaksh nipataati hai.

4. Haan. Democracy mein log sarkaar chunte aur badal sakte hain, sabke baraabar adhikaar aur bolne ki aazaadi hai, shakti alag angon mein bati hai taaki koi aasaani se uska durupyog na kare, aur sarkaar sabki seva ke liye hai. Doosre roop shakti ek vyakti ya kuch logon ke paas rakhte hain, bina aisi jaanch ke. Democracy poori nahi hai, par uski kamiyan shaanti se sudhaari ja sakti hain.

5. I. Kanoon ke saamne sab baraabar: Democracy. II. Har faisle par dharm guru se poochhna: Theocracy. III. Rani ki maut ke baad bete ka raja banna: Monarchy. IV. Kisi samvidhaan se na bandha shaasak: Dictatorship.

6. Bhutan: chuni hui parliament aur pradhan mantri ke saath constitutional monarchy. Nepal: democracy, ek federal parliamentary republic. Bangladesh: apne samvidhaan ke tahat parliamentary republic (2024 ke baad wahan antarim sarkaar thi, isliye taaza khabar dekho). South Africa: democracy, ek parliamentary republic jiske president ko Parliament chunti hai. Brazil: presidential democracy.

7. Chunautiyan: bhrashtaachaar, amiri aur gareebi ka badhta fark, sansthaaon par kuch haathon mein bahut zyaada shakti, nyaypaalika ki ghatti swatantrata, aur tod marod ki gayi ya niyantrit jaankaari. Inse nipatne ke tareeke: bhrashtaachaar ke khilaaf sakht kanoon aur imaandaar adhikaari, sabke liye achchhi padhaai, ilaaj aur rozgaar, khule chunaav aur raajneeti mein paise par seema, nyaayaadheeshon ki swatantrata ki raksha, tathya jaanch aur media ki samajh, aur jaankaar, satark naagrik.

8. Democracy mein log tay kaal ke liye shaasak chunte hain, unhe badal sakte hain, aur samvidhaan ke tahat baraabar adhikaar paate hain, jabki shakti alag angon mein bati hoti hai. Rajtantra mein shakti shaahi parivaar mein janm se milti hai; absolute rajtantra mein raja kanoon banaata, laagu karta aur faisla karta hai. Tanashahi mein ek vyakti ya samooh shakti hathiyaata hai aur kisi kanoon ya samvidhaan ki seema ke bina raaj karta hai, aksar virodh aur bolne ki aazaadi ko dabaakar.

Chhote notes aur zyaada practice topic pages par hain: sarkaar ke prakaar, democracy kyun zaroori hai aur parliamentary aur presidential democracy.