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Parliamentary aur presidential democracy

Short mein jawab

Parliamentary democracy mein, jaise Bharat, log legislature chunte hain aur pradhan mantri aur mantri usi se aate hain, jo tab tak pad par rehte hain jab tak Lok Sabha unke saath ho. Presidential democracy mein, jaise USA, president alag se chuna jaata hai aur use legislature ke samarthan ki zaroorat nahi. Dono representative democracy hain jinki adaalatein swatantra hain.

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Direct aur representative democracy

Direct democracy mein sab naagrik har niyam aur faisle mein khud hissa lete hain. Switzerland mein iske kuch roop chalte hain, par bade desh mein ise chalaana bahut mushkil hai, jaise poore school ki committee kuch tay hi na kar paaye. Representative democracy mein log universal adult franchise se pratinidhi chunte hain; ve seedhe raaj nahi karte, par sarkaar hamesha unke prati jawaabdeh rehti hai. Chunaav tay samay par hote hain taaki log apni pasand badal sakein: Bharat mein har paanch saal aur USA mein har chaar saal. Aaj zyaadatar democracy representative hain.

Direct democracy, jisme sab naagrik tay karte hain, aur representative democracy, niyamit chunaav aur javaabdehi ke saath
Direct ya representative democracy?

Parliamentary democracy

Bharat parliamentary democracy hai. Voter legislature chunte hain; executive seedhe nahi chuna jaata, kyunki legislature ke chune hue sadasya mantri bante hain. Pradhan mantri aur mantri parishad Parliament ke sadasya hain aur use jawaab dete hain, aur tab tak pad par rehte hain jab tak Lok Sabha unke saath ho. Australia mein bhi pradhan mantri aur mantri parishad hain. Bharat ke andar Rajasthan aur Kerala jaise rajyon ki apni sarkaarein hain, par ve badi Union Government ke andar kaam karti hain.

Presidential democracy

Presidential democracy mein executive legislature se alag rehta hai: voter seedhe president chunte hain, aur president legislature ke samarthan ke bina pad par reh sakta hai. USA aur South Korea iske udaaharan hain. Dono tarah ki democracy mein judiciary executive aur legislature se swatantra hai.

Parliamentary democracy, jisme mantri legislature se aate hain, aur presidential democracy, jisme president alag se chuna jaata hai
Parliamentary aur presidential democracy

Democracies ki tulna

Executive wo ang hai jo kanoon laagu karta hai; legislature kanoon banaati hai aur Bharat mein Parliament aur USA mein Congress kehlaati hai. Zyaadatar legislatures ke do sadan hain. Neeche ka sadan aam taur par seedhe chuna jaata hai aur zyaada shaktishaali hota hai, jabki upar ka sadan chunaav ya naamaankan se banta hai: Bharat mein Lok Sabha Rajya Sabha se zyaada shaktishaali hai, par USA aur Australia mein dono sadanon ki shakti baraabar hai, aur South Korea mein ek hi sadan, National Assembly, hai. Separation of powers ka matlab hai teeno ang apna apna kaam karein aur ek doosre ke kaam mein dakhal na dein. In farqon ke baawajood samaanta, swatantrata aur universal adult franchise sab democracies mein saajhe hain.

Table 9.1 mein do aur pankti: India, USA, South Korea, Australia, United Kingdom aur Brazil ki executive aur legislature ki tulna
Table 9.1, do aur deshon ke saath

Democracy badalti rehti hai

Democracies shuru se aaj ke saare siddhaanton ke saath nahi aayi, aur aaj bhi unke kaam karne ke tareeke alag hain. Jab kuch desh democracy bane, tab har vayask vote nahi de sakta tha: UK mein sabka vote 1928 mein aur USA mein 1965 tak asal mein aaya, jabki Switzerland mein mahilaayein 1971 se vote de paayi. Bharat ne republic ke pehle din, 1950 se, har vayask ko vote diya. Desh apne netaa kaise chunta hai, uske kitne sadan hain aur unki kya shakti hai, ye sab uske apne itihaas se banta hai, isliye koi do democracy bilkul ek jaisi nahi hoti, haalaanki sab logon ki pasand par tiki hain.

Ye kyun zaroori hai

Apni parliamentary vyavastha samajhne se pata chalta hai ki Lok Sabha kyun mahatvapoorn hai, mantri kaise chune jaate hain aur hamare vote sarkaar ko kaise aakaar dete hain. Sarkaar ke doosre roop sarkaar ke prakaar mein hain, aur democracy ki zaroorat democracy kyun zaroori hai mein. Har sawaal ke jawaab Chapter 9 ke NCERT solutions mein hain; poore Chapter 9 ke notes bhi dekho.

Practice karo

  1. Bharat mein aam chunaav kitne saal mein hote hain?

    1. (a) Har 3 saal
    2. (b) Har 4 saal
    3. (c) Har 5 saal
    4. (d) Har 6 saal
    Jawab dekho

    Jawab: (c) Har 5 saal

  2. Bharat ki legislature ko kya kehte hain?

    1. (a) Congress
    2. (b) Parliament
    3. (c) National Assembly
    4. (d) Senate
    Jawab dekho

    Jawab: (b) Parliament

  3. Table 9.1 mein kis desh ki legislature mein ek hi sadan hai?

    1. (a) India
    2. (b) USA
    3. (c) South Korea
    4. (d) Australia
    Jawab dekho

    Jawab: (c) South Korea

  4. Separation of powers ka matlab kya hai?

    Jawab dekho

    Jawab: Legislature, executive aur judiciary, teeno ang apna apna kaam karte hain aur ek doosre ke kaam mein dakhal nahi dete.

  5. Bade desh mein direct democracy chalaana mushkil kyun hai?

    Jawab dekho

    Jawab: Kyunki har naagrik ko har faisle mein hissa lena padega, jo, school ki us kahaani ki tarah jahan sab committee mein shaamil ho jaate hain, faisle karna aur kaam karna bahut mushkil bana deta hai.

Students ke sawal

Parliamentary aur presidential democracy mein kya farq hai?

Parliamentary democracy mein executive legislature ka hissa hai: Bharat mein pradhan mantri aur mantri parishad Parliament ke sadasya hain aur Lok Sabha ke bharose tak rehte hain. Presidential democracy mein executive alag hai: USA mein president logon dwara chuna jaata hai aur use legislature ke bharose ki zaroorat nahi.

Representative democracy kya hai?

Ye wo democracy hai jisme log seedhe raaj nahi karte balki universal adult franchise se pratinidhi chunte hain, jaise Bharat mein. Sarkaar logon ke prati jawaabdeh rehti hai, aur niyamit chunaav, Bharat mein har paanch saal aur USA mein har chaar saal, logon ko apni pasand badalne dete hain.

Bharat ki Parliament ke do sadan kaun se hain?

Lok Sabha neeche ka sadan hai, seedhe chuna gaya aur zyaada shaktishaali; Rajya Sabha upar ka sadan hai. Zyaadatar legislatures ke do sadan hote hain, alag naamon ke saath: USA mein House of Representatives aur Senate, jinki shakti baraabar hai.

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