Kaunsi fasal kahan aur kab?

Har jagah alag fasal kyun

Ek din mein jo khaate ho uski list banao: usme anaaj, daalen, tel, sabziyan aur phal milenge. Kuch ghar ke paas ugte hain aur kuch door se aate hain. Koi fasal tabhi achhi ugti hai jab use sahi mausam (garmi, dhoop aur baarish), mitti, paani aur zameen ki banaavat mile. 7th century mein China ke yaatri Xuanzang ne dekha tha ki India mein jagah ke saath upaj badal jaati hai, kyunki mausam aur mitti badal jaate hain.

India ke saat mausam

Mausam	Kahan milta hai
Alpine	Himalaya
Temperate	Himalaya ke neeche ke hisse
Subtropical	uttar ke maidaan
Arid	Thar Desert
Tropical wet	pashchimi tat ki patti
Semi-arid	beech ka Deccan Plateau
Tropical	poorvi India aur dakshini prayadweep

In ilaakon ko alag maatra mein dhoop aur baarish milti hai, saal bhar unka taapmaan alag rehta hai, aur monsoon ka asar bhi alag hota hai.

Agroclimatic zones

Kheti ki behtar planning ke liye India 15 agroclimatic zones mein banta hai. Har zone mein milte-julte mausam, mitti, zameen ki banaavat aur kudrati paudhon waali jagahen saath rakhi gayi hain. Jaise Upper Gangetic Plain Region, Southern Plateau and Hills Region aur Western Dry Region. Ye zones sarkaar aur doosri sansthaon ko tay karne mein madad karte hain ki kya ugaayein, kab ugaayein aur kaise.

Do monsoon

Monsoon wo baarish laata hai jo kai fasalon ko chahiye. Southwest monsoon June se September tak baarish laata hai aur uttar aur madhya India ki kharif fasalon ke liye bahut zaroori hai. Northeast monsoon October se December tak chalta hai aur poorab aur dakshin mein baarish laata hai. Malabar tat (Kerala) aur Coromandel tat (Tamil Nadu) ko dono se baarish milti hai. Do monsoon ke beech dakshin ke kisan fasal uga paate hain, jabki uttar mein ye sookha mausam hota hai, jab kisan groundwater, nadiyon, naharon, taalaabon aur mitti mein bachi nami pe nirbhar rehte hain. Tamil Nadu, West Bengal aur Andhra Pradesh monsoon ki baarish aur sinchai ki wajah se saal bhar chawal ugaate hain.

Kharif, rabi aur zaid

Mausam	Kab aur kaunsi fasalein (zyaadatar India mein)
Kharif (monsoon)	lagbhag June se monsoon ke saath bowai, lagbhag October se November katai: chawal, makka, jowar, bajra, moongphali, ganna, kapaas
Rabi (sardi)	lagbhag October se December bowai, lagbhag March se May katai: gehun, jau, matar, sarson, chana
Zaid (garmi)	rabi aur kharif ke beech ke chhote garam mausam mein: tarbooz, kheera, kharbooza, kaddu

Kisan sadiyon se is laya ko maante aaye hain, isliye lagbhag har mahine kuch na kuch boya ya kaata jaata hai, jisse saal bhar khaana milta rehta hai. Kharif, rabi aur zaid shabd Arabic hain aur Mughal zamaane se chal rahe hain. Pehle in teen tarah ki fasalon ko kedara (geeli fasalein), haimana (sardi ki fasalein) aur graishmika (garmi ki fasalein) kehte the.

Har mausam ke apne khatre hain. Kharif fasalein samay pe monsoon aane pe tiki hain, aur bahut tez baarish unhe barbaad kar sakti hai, jisse kisaan parivaaron ko mushkil hoti hai.

Baarish ka ek puraana niyam

Arthashastra ke hisaab se achha baarish ka mausam wo hai jisme saal ki lagbhag ek-tihaai baarish mausam ki shuruaat aur ant mein ho, aur lagbhag do-tihaai beech ke mahinon mein. Ye fasal ke chakra se mel khaata hai: hal aur bowai ke liye thodi baarish, fasal ke sabse tez badhne ke samay sabse zyaada baarish, aur ant mein thodi baarish jo fasal poori kare aur agli bowai ke liye mitti mein nami chhode.

Ye kyun zaroori hai

Kya kahan aur kab ugta hai, ye jaankar samajh aata hai ki tumhara khaana kai jagahon se kyun aata hai, kamzor monsoon se kuch cheezein mehngi kyun hoti hain, aur kisan apna saal baarish ke hisaab se kyun plan karte hain. Aage padho India ki mitti ke prakaar aur paramparik aur aadhunik kheti. Textbook ke sawaalon ke jawab Part 2 Chapter 1 ke NCERT solutions mein hain; poore chapter ke liye Part 2 Chapter 1 ke notes.