Harsha aur Kannauj ki ladaai
Short mein jawab
Harshavardhana ne 606 CE se Kannauj se uttar India pe raaj kiya. Kavi aur Bana jaise vidwaanon ke sanrakshak Harsha sab dharmon ka aadar karte the, aur Xuanzang ne unki tareef ki. 647 mein unki maut ke baad poorab ke Palas, pashchim ke Gurjara-Pratiharas aur Deccan ke Rashtrakutas do sadi tak Kannauj ke liye lade, bina tikau jeet ke.
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‘Rajaon ke maharaja’
606 CE mein Harshavardhana gaddi pe baithe. Unka parivaar, Pushyabhuti (ya Vardhana) vansh, pehle aaj ke Haryana ke Thanesar se raaj karta tha, par Harsha ne aaj ke Uttar Pradesh mein Ganga kinaare Kannauj (Kanyakubja) se raaj kiya. Banskhera mein mili ek taamra-patti pe unke hastakshar hain, jisme unhe rajaon ka maharaja kaha gaya hai. Unka samrajya uttar aur poorvi India ke bade hisse mein phaila, haalaanki iski sahi seema pata nahi.
Harsha achhe kavi the aur maana jaata hai ki unhone teen Sanskrit naatak likhe. Unhone lekhak Bana ko sahaara diya, jinka Kadambari duniya ke pehle upanyaason mein se ek hai aur jinka Harshacharita raja ki jeevani hai. Shilalekh Harsha ko Shiva bhakt batate hain, jabki doosre srot Buddhism se unka lagaav aur sab vichaardhaaraon ka aadar dikhaate hain.
Xuanzang ki yatra
Chinese yatri Xuanzang Buddhist sthalon ko dekhne aur Indian guruon se padhne ke liye 630 se 644 tak India mein ghoome. Wo 600 se zyaada Sanskrit pandulipiyan 20 ghodon pe ghar le gaye aur unka Chinese mein anuvaad kiya. Harsha ne unka swagat kiya aur unke sammaan mein Kannauj mein badi sabha ki. Xuanzang ne Kannauj ko sundar aur samriddh aur Harsha ko nyaypriya aur urjaavaan bataya, jinke paas vishaal sena thi. Har paanch saal Prayaga mein, jahan Ganga aur Yamuna milti hain, Harsha pavitra anushthaan karke Buddhon, Brahmanon aur gareebon ko daulat daan karte the.
Harsha poore uttar India ko ek nahi kar paaye. Unhone Assam ke Kamarupa ke Varman vansh ko saathi banaaya, par jab Narmada ke dakshin badhna chaaha, to Chalukya Pulakeshin II ne unhe roka.
Tripartite Struggle
647 mein Harsha ki maut hui, aur uttar India mein uthal-puthal mach gayi. Ameer, beech mein basa aur mashhoor Kannauj 8th aur 9th sadi mein teen shaktiyon ke lambe Tripartite Struggle ka inaam ban gaya. Unki ladaaiyan aage-peeche chaleen, aur koi hamesha ke liye nahi jeeta.
Palas. Ek shilalekh batata hai ki 750 mein ashaanti se ghire Bengal ke logon ne vyavastha waapas laane ke liye Gopala ko chuna. Unke uttaradhikari Dharmapala ne Pala raaj poorab aur uttar ke bade hisse mein phailaaya, Mahayana Buddhism ko sahaara diya aur Bihar mein Vikramashila aur aaj ke Bangladesh mein Somapura ke bade math banaaye, saath hi Nalanda ki bhi madad ki. Poorvi tat ke bandargaahon se samudri vyapar Palas ko Southeast Asia se jodta tha.
Gurjara-Pratiharas. 8th sadi ke beech, shaayad pashchimi India mein, Nagabhata I ne ye vansh shuru kiya. Pehle rajdhani Bhillamala (Bhinmal) aur baad mein Ujjayini rahi. Ye Arab hamlon ko peechhe dhakelne ke liye mashhoor hue. 9th sadi mein Raja Bhoja, jinhe Mihira aur Adi Varaha bhi kehte the, ne Punjab aur Kathiawar se Kannauj tak raaj kiya.
Rashtrakutas. Dantidurga ne 8th sadi ke beech Chalukyon ko hataaya, aur Rashtrakutas ne Karnataka ke Manyakheta se lagbhag do sadi raaj kiya. Unki senaayein Kannauj tak pahunchi, aur baad mein unhone use nasht kiya, jisse Pratihara kamzor hue.
Ye kyun zaroori hai
Kannauj ki kahani dikhaati hai ki ek ameer shehar kaise rajaon ko sadiyon ki ladaai mein kheench sakta tha, aur phir bhi wahi shaasak vishwavidyalaya banaate aur vidya ko sahaara dete the. Aage padho Deccan aur dakshin ke rajya aur 6th se 10th sadi ka samaaj aur sanskriti. Textbook ke sawaalon ke jawab Part 2 Chapter 3 ke NCERT solutions mein hain; poore Part 2 Chapter 3 ke notes dekho.
Practice karo
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Harsha kis vansh ke the?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Pushyabhuti
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Kis Pala raja ne Vikramashila banaaya?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Dharmapala
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Harsha ke darbaar mein aane waale Chinese yatri kaun the?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Xuanzang
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Kannauj itna keemti kyun tha?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: Ye uttar India ke beech, Ganga ke kinaare upjaau maidaanon mein, bade nadi aur vyapar raaston pe tha, aur Harsha ki rajdhani hone se iski bahut pratishtha thi. Jo ise rakhta, wo uttar India ka neta hone ka daava kar sakta tha.
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Pala vansh kaise shuru hua?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: Harsha ki maut ke baad Bengal mein ashaanti phail gayi. Ek shilalekh ke anusaar 750 CE mein logon ne vyavastha laane ke liye Gopala ko chuna, aur wo pehle Pala raja bane.
Students ke sawal
Harshavardhana kaun the?
Harshavardhana, ya Harsha, Pushyabhuti vansh ke raja the jinhone 606 CE se Kannauj se uttar aur poorvi India ke bade hisse pe raaj kiya. Wo kavi aur naatakkaar the, vidwaanon aur Nalanda ke sanrakshak the, aur sab vichaardhaaraon ka aadar karte the.
Tripartite Struggle kya tha?
Ye 8th aur 9th sadi mein Kannauj ke liye teen shaktiyon ki lambi ladaai thi: poorab ke Palas, pashchim ke Gurjara-Pratiharas aur Deccan ke Rashtrakutas. Inme se koi hamesha ke liye nahi jeeta.
Itihaaskaaron ke liye Xuanzang kyun zaroori hain?
Ye Chinese yatri 630 se 644 tak India mein ghoome aur jin rajyon se guzre unki raajneeti, sanskriti aur dharm ka dhyaan se likha varnan chhoda, isliye unka yatra-vrittant is daur ka bada srot hai.
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