Class 7 Social Science Part 2 Chapter 6: The State, the Government, and You (Hinglish Notes)
Ye chapter 5 lines mein
The State, the Government, and You batata hai ki India kaise chalta hai. State ke chaar hisse hain: log, territory, sarkaar aur sovereignty, aur sarkaar wo hissa hai jo elections ke baad badalti hai. India ek democratic republic hai. Iski legislature, executive aur judiciary teen staron pe kaam karti hain, aur naagrik grievance portal, RTI, media, NGOs, chitthiyon aur vote se sarkaar se kaam karwa sakte hain.
Ye chapter kis baare mein hai?
Class 6 mein tumne sarkaar ke teen kaam padhe the: kaanoon banana, unhe laagu karna aur dekhna ki unka paalan ho, aur uske teen star bhi. Ye chapter aage jaata hai. Ye Plato ki Republic mein Socrates ki ek baat se shuru hota hai: jo log raaj chalaane mein hissa lene se mana karte hain, un pe aakhir mein unse bure log raaj karte hain. Phir ye teen bade sawaal poochhta hai: state aur sarkaar mein kya farq hai, democracy aur republic mein kya farq hai, aur naagrik sarkaar ko logon ke liye kaise kaam karwa sakte hain.
State aur sarkaar
State ek political sangathan hai jiske paas ek tay territory aur uske logon pe raaj karne ka adhikaar hota hai. Iske chaar hisse hain: ek sthaayi aabaadi, padosiyon se tay seemaaon waali territory, ek sarkaar, aur sovereignty, yaani bina bahari dakhal ke apne kaanoon banane ki poori taakat. Sarkaar in mein se sirf ek hissa hai: wo neta, mantri aur adhikaari jo kaanoon banate, laagu karte aur jhagde suljhaate hain. School ke teachers ki tarah sarkaarein elections ke baad aati jaati hain, par state bana rehta hai. Police har state sarkaar ka hissa hai aur law and order sambhaalti hai. Padho state aur government mein farq.
Democracy aur republic
Democracy mein log nishpaksh elections se apni sarkaar chunkar raaj karte hain. Republic mein head of state chuna jaata hai, seedhe ya apratyaksh roop se, virasat se nahi aata, aur samvidhan shaasakon ki taakat ki seema tay karta hai. UK mein raja ya rani hai, isliye wo democracy hai par republic nahi; India apne President ko chune hue pratinidhiyon ke zariye chunta hai, isliye wo democratic republic hai. India ka samvidhan har naagrik ke fundamental rights bachata hai, isliye bahumat alpsankhyakon ko kuchal nahi sakta. Dekho democracy aur republic mein farq.
Sarkaar ke teen ang
Legislature kaanoon banati hai: poore desh ke liye Parliament aur har state mein uski legislature. Executive kaanoon laagu karti hai aur neetiyan banati hai. Iska political hissa chune hue netaon se bana hai, jaise prime minister aur mantri; iska permanent hissa pareeksha se chune civil servants se, IAS officers se lekar gaon ke teachers aur health workers tak. Judiciary, yaani samvidhan ki swatantra rakshak, jhagde suljhaati hai, kaanoon samjhaati hai aur adhikaar bachaati hai. Padho legislature, executive aur judiciary.
Sarkaar aur aap
Sarkaar rakshak hai (kaanoon aur desh ki suraksha), daata hai (kalyaan, school, sadakein, railways) aur niyamak hai (jaise khaane ki suraksha). Phir bhi rishvat, kharaab sevaayein aur yojanaaon tak kam pahunch jaisi dikkatein bani hain. Naagrik chhe tareekon se badlaav la sakte hain: pgportal.gov.in jaise grievance portal, Right to Information Act, media, civil society sangathan, apne pratinidhiyon ko chitthi, aur umar hone pe vote. Bagepalli mein ek RTI request se ek kharaab bani sadak theek hui; Kerala mein logon ke andolan ne Silent Valley ke jangal bachaaye.
Sarkaar ke teen star
India itna bada aur vividh hai ki ek sarkaar har zaroorat poori nahi kar sakti, isliye taakat teen staron mein bati hai. Central sarkaar raksha, videsh maamle aur currency dekhti hai; state sarkaarein police, zameen, health aur kheti; aur local sarkaarein, yaani panchayatein aur nagar palikaayein, paani, naaliyan, streetlamps aur parks. 1990s ki shuruaat mein samvidhan mein sanshodhan karke local sarkaarein teesra star bani. Ye decentralisation faislon ko logon ke paas laata hai, jo apni samasyaayein sabse achchhi tarah jaante hain. Har sawaal ka jawab Part 2 Chapter 6 ke NCERT solutions mein hai.
Key terms (zaroori shabd)
| Term | Matlab |
|---|---|
| State | Ek political sangathan jiske paas ek tay territory aur uske logon pe raaj karne ka adhikaar hota hai. Iske chaar hisse hain: log, territory, sarkaar aur sovereignty. |
| Government (sarkaar) | Wo neta, mantri aur adhikaari jo kaanoon banate hain, unhe laagu karte hain aur jhagde suljhaate hain. Sarkaar state ki taraf se kaam karti hai aur elections ke baad badal sakti hai, par state bana rehta hai. |
| Sovereignty (samprabhuta) | State ki poori taakat ki wo apne kaanoon khud banaye aur laagu kare, bina kisi bahari dakhal ke. Koi doosra desh uske andar ke maamlon mein dakhal nahi de sakta. |
| Democracy (loktantra) | Logon ka raaj, Greek shabd demos (log) aur kratos (raaj) se. Log nishpaksh elections mein apni sarkaar chunte hain. |
| Republic (ganrajya) | Aisi vyavastha jisme head of state chunav se aata hai, seedhe ya chune hue pratinidhiyon ke zariye, virasat se nahi, aur samvidhan shaasakon ki taakat ki seema tay karta hai. |
| Dominance of the majority | Aisi haalat jisme sirf bahumat ke hiton ka dhyaan rakha jaaye aur alpsankhyakon ke adhikaar kuchle jaayein. Republic ka rule of law isse bachata hai. |
| Political executive | Chune hue neta, jaise prime minister, chief ministers aur mantri, jo bade faisle lete hain. President aur governors bhi isme gine jaate hain, par unki bhumika zyaadatar aupchaarik hai. |
| Permanent executive | UPSC jaisi pareekshaon se chune gaye sarkaari adhikaari, jinhe bureaucrats ya civil servants kehte hain. Ye har election ke baad nahi badalte aur kaanoon aur neetiyan laagu karte hain. |
| Right to Information (RTI) | Ek kaanoon jiske zariye naagrik sarkaar ke kaamon ki jaankari maang sakte hain, jaise sarkaari paisa kahan kharch hua. Adhikaari jawab dene ke liye baadhya hain. |
| Decentralisation (vikendrikaran) | Taakat aur faislon ko sarkaar ke alag staron mein baantna, taaki local samasyaayein local star pe suljhein aur badi baatein state ya central sarkaar dekhe. |
Is chapter ke topics
Practice karo
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Inme se kaunsa state ke chaar hisson mein se NAHI hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (d) Raja ya rani
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Republic mein head of state:
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) seedhe ya apratyaksh roop se chuna jaata hai
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Chapter mein kaunsa desh democracy hai par republic nahi?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (c) UK
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UPSC pareekshaon se chune gaye officers kis hisse mein aate hain?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Permanent executive
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Kaunsa kaanoon naagrikon ko ye poochhne deta hai ki sarkaari paisa kahan kharch hua?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (a) Right to Information Act
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Mohalle ki toot gayi streetlamp ki shikayat sabse pehle kise karoge?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (c) Nagar palika ya panchayat
Students ke sawal
Class 7 SST Part 2 Chapter 6 ke main topics kya hain?
State aur sarkaar ka farq; police; democracy aur republic, aur India democratic republic kyun hai; legislature, political aur permanent executive aur judiciary; naagrik sarkaar se kaam kaise karwa sakte hain; aur sarkaar ke teen star aur decentralisation.
Kya The State, the Government, and You nayi NCERT Social Science book mein hai?
Haan. Ye Exploring Society: India and Beyond, Class 7 Social Science textbook Part 2 (2026-27) ka Chapter 6 hai, pages 143 se 168 tak, Governance and Democracy theme mein.
State aur sarkaar mein kya farq hai?
State bada dhaancha hai: ek tay territory mein rehne waale log, sovereignty aur ek sarkaar. Sarkaar uska ek hissa hai, wo log aur vyavastha jo kaanoon banati aur laagu karti hai. Elections ke baad sarkaar badalti hai, par state wahi rehta hai, jaise teachers badalte hain par school wahi rehta hai.
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