Democracy aur republic mein farq kya hai?

Preamble ke do shabd

India ke samvidhan ki Preamble mein democratic aur republic shabd saath saath aate hain. Log aksar inhe ek hi matlab ka maan lete hain, to dono kyun? India lagbhag do sadiyon tak British raaj mein raha, phir bhi azaadi ke baad usne British parliamentary system ki aankh band karke nakal nahi ki. Samvidhan bante waqt uske nirmaataaon ne bahas ki ki India mein kaisi parliamentary democracy ho, aur iska ek jawab in do shabdon mein hai.

Democracy: logon ka raaj

Democracy ka mool vichaar hai logon ka raaj: demos yaani log aur kratos yaani raaj. Democracy mein logon ke paas nishpaksh elections se apni sarkaar chunne ki taakat hoti hai, aur sarkaar unke pratinidhiyon ko jawab deti hai.

Republic: koi raja ya rani nahi

Republic mein head of state, yaani sabse ooncha pad, chunav se aata hai, seedhe ya apratyaksh roop se, aur virasat mein nahi milta: koi raja ya rani us pad ka vaaris nahi hota. Republic mein shaasakon ki taakat samvidhan ya kaanoonon se seemit bhi hoti hai.

India aur United Kingdom se farq saaf hota hai. Dono mein log apne pratinidhi chunte hain, aur sarkaar parliament ko jawab deti hai. Par UK mein sadiyon se head of state ek raja ya rani rahe hain, jabki India ke samvidhan nirmaataaon ne tay kiya ki India ke head of state, President, chune jaayenge: seedhe logon dwara nahi, balki chune hue pratinidhiyon ke ek samooh dwara. Isliye India democracy bhi hai aur republic bhi, jaise USA. UK, Canada aur Sweden democracy hain par republic nahi, kyunki har ek mein raja ya rani hai.

Sabke adhikaaron ki raksha

Democratic republic hone ke naate India apne samvidhan se sabhi naagrikon ko fundamental rights deta hai. Samvidhan aur kaanoon dhyaan rakhte hain ki chune hue bahumat ka raaj kisi ke fundamental rights na kuchle. Jaise kuch zameenein adivasi samudaayon ki hain aur kaanoon se surakshit hain: companiyan aur baahar ke log samudaay ki ijaazat aur kaanooni prakriya ke bina inhe khareed ya patte pe nahi le sakte. Odisha mein Dongria Kondh ke pavitra pahaadon pe mining rokni padi, kyunki samudaay ne iska virodh kiya.

Ye kyun zaroori hai? Ek Resident Welfare Association ne bahumat ke vote se raat 9 baje ke baad delivery band kar di, aur kuch logon ki ye baat taal di ki beemar aur buzurg pareshaan honge. Phir ek buzurg mahila samay pe dawa na pahunchne se behosh ho gayin, aur niyam badla gaya. Jab sirf bahumat ki marzi chalti hai to alpsankhyakon ko chot pahunchti hai; ise dominance of the majority kehte hain. Republic mein rule of law bahumat ki ichchha se upar hota hai. India, France aur USA jaise republic isse bachaav karte hain, aur chune hue neta bolne ki azaadi, dharm ki azaadi ya kaanoon ke saamne barabari jaise buniyaadi adhikaaron ke khilaaf kaanoon nahi bana sakte. Samvidhan ye bhi dekhta hai ki sarkaar ka koi hissa bahut taakatwar na ho jaaye.

Washington ne taaj thukraaya

1782 mein, jab America ki Britain ke khilaaf azaadi ki ladaai khatm ho rahi thi, ek officer ne General George Washington ko likha ki wo America ke raja ban jaayein. Washington ne saaf mana kar diya: unhone kaha ki aisi yojana desh ko nuksaan pahunchaayegi, aur wo sirf samvidhan ke tahat logon ki sarkaar mein vishwas rakhte hain. Kai saal baad, 1789 mein, wo United States ke pehle President chune gaye.

Ye kyun zaroori hai

India democratic republic kyun hai, ye samajhne se pata chalta hai ki tumhara vote kyun maayne rakhta hai aur alpsankhyak hone pe bhi tumhare adhikaar kyun surakshit hain. Aur padho state aur government mein farq aur legislature, executive aur judiciary. Textbook ke sawaalon ke jawab Part 2 Chapter 6 ke NCERT solutions mein hain; poore Part 2 Chapter 6 ke notes dekho.