State aur government mein farq kya hai?
Short mein jawab
State ek political sangathan hai jiske paas ek tay territory aur uske logon pe adhikaar hota hai, aur iske chaar hisse hain: log, territory, sarkaar aur sovereignty. Sarkaar in mein se sirf ek hissa hai: wo neta aur adhikaari jo kaanoon banate, laagu karte aur jhagde suljhaate hain. Elections ke baad sarkaar badalti hai; state bana rehta hai.
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State kya hai?
State, ya nation, ek political sangathan hai jiske paas ek tay territory aur usme rehne waale logon pe raaj karne ka adhikaar hota hai. Chapter har state ke chaar hisse batata hai.
Book ki ek baatcheet mein ek ladki apni badi cousin se, jo college mein political science padhti hai, ye hisse samajhti hai. Pehle log: aabaadi ke bina state nahi hota. Ghoomne aakar laut jaane waale tourists nahi gine jaate, kyunki wo saath nahi rehte aur kuch saajha nahi karte. Jo log kisi jagah rehte hain aur usse judaav mehsoos karte hain, wo sthaayi aabaadi banate hain, jiski apni sanskriti aur samaaj hota hai. Territory yaani saaf seemaaon waala ek bhaugolik ilaaka. Ye seemaayein zaroori nahi ki nadi ya pahaad hon; ye padosi states ke saath tay ki gayi rekhaayein hain. Sarkaar isliye chahiye kyunki saath rehne waale logon ke liye kaanoon banane aur laagu karne padte hain. Sovereignty ka matlab hai ki state ka apne maamlon pe poora control hai: koi doosra state ya bahari sanstha uske andar ke maamlon mein dakhal nahi de sakti. Iske bina koi jagah state nahi ban sakti.
state ya State?
India mein state shabd ke do use hain. Iska matlab Indian State ho sakta hai, yaani political sangathan ke roop mein poora desh, ya Kerala aur Maharashtra jaisi ikaai, jaise State of Kerala. Chapter in maamlon ko chhodkar chhota s likhta hai.
Sarkaar kya hai?
Sarkaar logon ka wo samooh aur wo vyavastha hai jo desh chalaati hai. Iske neta, mantri aur adhikaari kaanoon banate hain, unhe laagu karte hain aur jhagde suljhaate hain. Ye state ka sirf ek hissa hai, aur elections ke baad badal sakti hai jabki state wahi rehta hai.
State ko ek school samjho aur sarkaar ko uske principal aur teachers. Teachers aate jaate hain, par school bana rehta hai. To log state ne ye kiya aur sarkaar ne wo tay kiya aise kyun bolte hain, jaise dono ek hon? Kyunki sarkaar state ki taraf se kaam karti hai aur uska roz ka kaam chalaati hai. Wahi state ka wo chehra hai jo hum roz dekhte hain; hamara vaasta sarkaar se padta hai, poore state se nahi.
Log, police aur state
Police sarkaar ka wo hissa hai jo bahut log sabse zyaada dekhte hain. India mein police har state sarkaar ki hoti hai aur shehron, kasbon aur gaon mein logon ke saath kaam karti hai. Ye state ke agent hain jo kaanoon ke hisaab se taakat use kar sakte hain, taaki log aparaadh aur hinsa se door, surakshit reh sakein. Police courts aur jails ke saath kaam karti hai, aur road safety, nashe aur mahilaaon ki suraksha pe jaagrukta abhiyaan bhi chalaati hai. Phir bhi ise samvidhan ke har naagrik ko diye adhikaaron ki izzat aur raksha karni hoti hai.
Sarkaar kyun chahiye?
Arthashastra ke lekhak Kautilya ne likha ki raja, jo state ka mukhya adhikaari hai, Raja Dharma maane, law and order rakhe aur achchha shaasan de. Unki chetaavni thi ki sarkaar na ho to samaaj mein afra-tafri mach jaayegi, aur badi machhliyan chhoti machhliyon ko kha jaayengi. Ise matsya nyaya, yaani machhliyon ka niyam, kehte hain. Aaj Indian state legislature, executive aur judiciary jaisi sansthaaon se kaam karta hai, aur police aur tax jaise tareekon se taakat ka kaanooni use karta hai.
Ye kyun zaroori hai
Ye farq samajhne se pata chalta hai ki kaun kis cheez ka zimmedaar hai: state sthaayi hai, jabki sarkaarein log chunte, parakhte aur badalte hain. Aage democracy aur republic mein farq aur legislature, executive aur judiciary padho. Textbook ke sawaalon ke jawab Part 2 Chapter 6 ke NCERT solutions mein hain; poore Part 2 Chapter 6 ke notes dekho.
Practice karo
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State ka kaunsa hissa batata hai ki wo bina bahari dakhal ke apne kaanoon bana sakta hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (c) Sovereignty
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Chapter ke school waale udaaharan mein sarkaar kiske jaisi hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Principal aur teachers
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Inme se police ka kaam kaunsa hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (c) Law and order banaaye rakhna
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State ke liye sthaayi aabaadi kyun zaroori hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: Logon ke bina state ho hi nahi sakta. Aate jaate log, jaise tourists, saath nahi rehte aur kuch saajha nahi karte. Jo log kisi jagah rehte hain aur usse judaav mehsoos karte hain, wo sthaayi aabaadi banate hain, jiski us territory se judi apni sanskriti aur samaaj hota hai.
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Log state aur sarkaar ko ek jaisa kyun bol dete hain?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: Kyunki sarkaar state ki taraf se kaam karti hai aur uska roz ka kaam chalaati hai. Wahi state ka wo chehra hai jo hum roz dekhte hain, isliye log ek hi kaam ke liye kabhi bolte hain state ne kiya aur kabhi sarkaar ne tay kiya.
Students ke sawal
State aur sarkaar mein kya farq hai?
State poora dhaancha hai: ek tay territory mein rehne waali sthaayi aabaadi, ek sarkaar aur sovereignty. Sarkaar uska ek hissa hai, wo log aur vyavastha jo kaanoon banati, laagu karti aur jhagde suljhaati hai. Elections ke baad sarkaar badalti hai, par state bana rehta hai.
State ki chaar visheshtaayein kya hain?
Ek sthaayi aabaadi (log), padosi states ke saath tay seemaaon waali ek territory, kaanoon banaane aur laagu karne waali ek sarkaar, aur sovereignty, yaani bina kisi bahari control ke kaanoon banaane aur faisle lene ki poori taakat.
Kya police sarkaar ka hissa hai?
Haan. India mein police har state sarkaar ka hissa hai. Ye law and order sambhaalti hai, logon ki raksha karti hai, aparaadhon ki jaanch karti hai aur case courts tak le jaati hai. Logon ki suraksha ke liye ye kaanoon ke hisaab se taakat use kar sakti hai, par ise samvidhan ke diye adhikaaron ki izzat karni hoti hai.
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