NCERT Solutions Class 8 Social Science Part 2 Chapter 2: India’s Long Road to Independence (Hinglish)

Exploring Society: India and Beyond Grade 8 (pehla edition, June 2026) ke Part 2 Chapter 2, India’s Long Road to Independence, ke har sawaal ke jawab: har Let’s Explore aur Think About It, True or False aur Who Am I, aur activities. Page number book ke hisaab se hain (pages 35–84). Short notes: Part 2 Chapter 2 ke notes.

Let’s Explore aur Think About It (pages 38–80)

Page 38: azaadi ki ladaai ki yaadein. Bado se poochho ki ghar mein kin netaaon aur ghatnaaon ki baat hoti thi, jaise Gandhi ki yaatraayein, Bhagat Singh, Subhas Bose ya Partition, aur parivaar ahinsa ke paksh mein tha ya sashastra sangharsh ke. Class mein jawab milaao: lakshya ek tha, raaste alag.

Page 42: Vande Mataram ka arth. Sankshep mein: ‘Maa, tujhe pranaam: achhe jal wali, phalon se bhari, dakshini hawa se sheetal, faslon se hari. Teri raatein chaandni se jagmagaati hain, tere ped phoolon se saje hain; tu meetha muskuraati aur meetha bolti hai; tu sukh aur vardaan deti hai.’ Matrubhoomi ko maa ki tarah pooja gaya hai.

Page 43: aaj Vivekananda ke mulya. Uthne, dar aur khud par shak se ubharne, taakat aur charitra banaane, apni sanskriti se jude rehkar science ko apnaane aur doosron ki seva ka unka sandesh aaj bhi yuvaaon ko lakshya tay karne aur bharose se unke liye mehnat karne mein madad karta hai.

Page 50: Bande Mataram daily. ‘Independence’ shabd se kyon bacha? Khulkar azaadi maangna rajdroh maana jaa sakta tha aur akhbaar band ho sakta tha, isliye aise shabd chune gaye jin par kanoon aasaani se vaar na kar sake. ‘Absolute national autonomy’ ka matlab poora swashasan, har maamle mein Bharat ka apna raaj: naam ke siwa poori azaadi. Title ke dono taraf ke box ‘Swadeshi paper of India’ aur ‘Our policy: India for Indians’ kehte hain, yaani akhbaar ka maatha bhi Swadeshi aur swashasan sikhaata tha.

Page 52: Bharat Mata ki do tasveerein. Dono Bharat ko divya maa ki tarah dikhaati hain. Abanindranath Tagore ki Bharat Mata ek shaant, bhagwa vastra pehne, chaar haathon wali stree hai jo kapda, kitaab, maala aur anaaj ki baali pakde hai: vastra, gyaan, aatma aur bhojan ke daan. Bharati ki Vijaya ka cover ek chhapa hua prateek hai: desh ke aakaar par bani Bharat Mata, bagal mein ‘Vande Mataram’ likha aur neeche log, upar Tamil mein naam; ye shaant aashirvaad nahi, uthne ki pukaar hai.

Page 55: North-East. Shuruaat ke liye: Tirot Sing ka Khasi vidroh (1829–33), Singpho vidroh, Maniram Dewan aur Piyali Baruah (1857), Rani Gaidinliu, aur Quit India ke shaheed Kanaklata Barua aur Kushal Konwar.

Page 56: judge se Tilak ke shabd. Unka matlab tha ki jail mein unka kasht unki kalam aur bhaashanon se zyada kaam aayega: saza logon ko prerna degi. ‘Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it’ saahas, aatmasammaan aur pakka irada dikhata hai.

Page 63: Tagore ka patra. Tagore keh rahe the ki shaasak khud se khush the, ye sochkar ki hatyakaand ne Bharatiyon ko aagyaakaari banne ka ‘achha sabak’ sikha diya, jabki desh ke dukh aur gusse ki unhe parwaah nahi thi.

Page 69: Purna Swaraj prastaav. Iske hisse: azaadi har jan ka atoot adhikaar hai; logon ko apni mehnat ka phal aur zaroori cheezein milni chahiye; daman karne wali sarkaar ko log badal ya hata sakte hain; British raaj ne Bharat ko har tarah nuksaan pahunchaaya, arthvyavastha, rajneeti, sanskriti aur aatma; isliye Bharat ko British sambandh todkar poori azaadi leni chahiye.

Page 76: jail ke aankde. Har andolan mein das-das hazaar log jail gaye, aur Quit India mein lagbhag 10,000 maare gaye: azaadi sirf mashhoor netaaon se nahi, aam parivaaron ke balidaan se mili.

Page 80: ek naam jodo. Jaise Batukeshwar Dutt (Assembly mein Bhagat Singh ke saath), Durgawati Devi, Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay ya Sucheta Kriplani.

Questions and activities (pages 81–84)

True or False. 1 Galat: shuruaati Congress Crown ki vafaadaar thi. 2 Sahi. 3 Sahi. 4 Sahi: upaadhi Gujarat ke Bardoli satyagraha (1928) se mili. 5 Sahi. 6 Galat: ‘Do or Die’ 1942 ke Quit India ka hai. 7 Galat: ve asahmat the, aur Poona Pact ek samjhauta tha. 8 Galat: Churchill ko yuddh mein Bharat ka saath chahiye tha aur unhone yuddh ke baad dominion status ki peshkash ki. 9 Galat, jaisa chapter batata hai: Bose ne Germany mein madad maangi par INA 1943 mein Singapore mein banaayi. 10 Galat: Radcliffe Award 17 August 1947 ko, azaadi ke do din baad, chhapa.

Who Am I? 1 Lala Lajpat Rai. 2 Bal Gangadhar Tilak. 3 Aurobindo Ghose (Sri Aurobindo). 4 Jatin Mukherjee, ‘Bagha Jatin’. 5 Rash Behari Bose. 6 Khudiram Bose. 7 Bhagat Singh. 8 Mahatma Gandhi. 9 Subhas Chandra Bose. 10 Cyril Radcliffe.

Azaadi ke liye balidaan. Sainik un yuddhon mein maare gaye jo unke apne nahi the, 1943 jaise akaalon mein parivaar bhookhe mare, netaaon aur aam logon ne saalon jail mein bitaaye, aur kai ne ghar aur jaan gawaayi. Ek namoona soch: aaraam ki naukri, videsh mein padhaai ya ghar ki suraksha chhodna, jaise us samay ke kai yuvaaon ne kiya.

Tilak ka kathan. Ye aatmasammaan, saahas, apne adhikaaron ki samajh aur pakka irada dikhata hai. Aaj ke yuvaaon ke liye iska matlab ho sakta hai apne adhikaar jaanna, anyaay ke khilaaf khade hona, aur apne lakshyon ke liye mehnat karna.

Kisaan, mazdoor, adivaasi aur chhaatra. Kisaanon ne anyaayi tax dene se inkaar kiya (Kheda, Bardoli); mazdooron ne hadtaal ki (Ahmedabad, Quit India); adivaasi samudaay zameen aur sammaan chhinne ke khilaaf uthe (Birsa Munda ka Ulgulaan); chhaatra Swadeshi rallies mein shaamil hue, sarkaari school chhode aur 1942 ka andolan aage badhaaya. Unke saamoohik kadmon ne netaaon ki maangon ko asli taakat di.

Nehru ka bhaashan. Redeem our pledge: lambe sangharsh ke baad Bharat ka khud se kiya azaadi ka vaada nibhaana. Rashtra ki aatma: logon ki saajhi bhaavna, mulya aur sanskriti, jo colonial raaj mein dabi thi aur ab khulkar bol sakti thi.

Socho tum senaani ho. Ek namoona: ahinsak jan andolan ka samarthan, kyunki isme karodon log shaamil ho sakte hain aur naitik samarthan milta hai. Doosre sashastra virodh ya dheere sudhaar pasand kar sakte hain. Bahas sikhaati hai ki log ek lakshya rakhte hue tareekon par asahmat ho sakte hain aur phir bhi sammaan se ek rah sakte hain.

News report. Namoona headline: ‘Dandi mein Gandhi ne namak banaaya; hazaaron ne kanoon toda’. Pratikriya: ‘Humne apne samudra se apna namak banaaya,’ ek gaaon waale ne kaha. Mahatva: rozmarra ki cheez virodh ka prateek bani aur poore Bharat mein Civil Disobedience shuru hua.

Museum exhibition. Namoona title: ‘Azaadi ke Dhaage’. Cheezein: khadi ke saath charkha (aatmanirbharta), Bande Mataram daily ka ek ank (vichaaron ki taakat), Cellular Jail se ek patra (balidaan). Dekhne waale azaadi ki keemat ke liye kritagya hokar jaayein.

Natak. Jaise namak yatra par: Gandhi aur yatri, gaaon waale, police aur ek reporter, aur ant mein Dandi mein namak uthaana.

Aaj nagrikon ki zimmedaariyan. Samvidhaan aur kanoon ka sammaan; vote dena aur loktantra mein hissa lena; doosron ke adhikaaron ki raksha; samudaayon ke beech shaanti; saarvajanik sampatti aur paryavaran ki raksha; imaandaari se tax dena; jaankaar rehna; aur zarooratmandon ki madad.

Short notes aur zyada practice topic pages par hai: shuruaati rashtravaad aur sudhaar, Gandhi aur jan andolan aur azaadi ki ladaai ke krantikari.