Jal sanrachnaayein aur baavdiyaan
Short mein jawab
Bharat ki baarish zyaadatar monsoon mein aati hai, isliye logon ne paani ikattha karne aur rakhne ki sanrachnaayein banaayi. Harappa ke kuon mein kone-daar eentein thi jo dheh nahi sakti thi, aur Dholavira mein vishaal jalaashay the. Shringaverpur jude kundon mein Ganga ki baadh ka paani rakhta tha. Rani ki Vav jaisi baavdiyaan aur pushkarini kala ke namoone bhi the.
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Itni jal sanrachnaayein kyon?
Bharat ke zyaadatar hisson mein saal bhar ki baarish monsoon ke kuch mahinon mein aati hai. Sookhe mausam mein paani paane ke liye logon ne use ikattha karne, jama karne aur baantne ki sanrachnaayein banaayi, gaon ke saade talaab se Kaveri par bane Grand Anicut tak. Kyunki Bharat ki zameen itni alag hai, Himalaya ki talhati aur Thar registaan se Ganga ke maidaan, Paschimi Ghat, Deccan aur Poorvottar tak, ye sanrachnaayein bhi kai roop mein bani.
Harappa ke kuen aur jalaashay
Ye parampara Harappa tak jaati hai. Kachchh ke sookhe Rann ke Dholavira mein deewaron ke andar bahut bade jalaashay the. Harappa ke kaarigaron ne ek mushkil samasya bhi suljhaayi: zameen se rista paani kuen ki deewar par dabaav daalta hai aur use andar ki or gira sakta hai. Unhone kuon mein samlamb chaturbhuj (trapezium) jaisi eentein lagaayi, jo ghere ke andar ki or patli thi, taaki dabaav unhe aur kas de, jaise mehraab ke pathar ek-doosre ko thaamte hain.
Shringaverpur
Uttar Pradesh ka Shringaverpur Ramayana ka Shringaverapura hai, jahan Ram, Sita aur Lakshman ne vanvaas jaate samay Ganga paar ki. Wahan khudaai mein bade jude jalaashayon ki shrinkhla mili, jo Ganga mein baadh aane par ek naali se bharti thi (lagbhag 1st century BCE se 1st century CE). Pehle ek-do kund baadh ke paani ki gaad ko aage badhne se pehle bitha dete the, ek aam design, halaanki poori vyavastha kaise chalti thi, iska abhi adhyayan ho raha hai.
Baavdiyaan
Kuen kai roop mein bane, eent, patthar ya terracotta ke chhallon se. Shastriya kaal mein Gujarat aur Rajasthan ne baavdiyaan viksit ki, jinhe vav ya baori kehte hain: lambi seedhiyaan kai manzil neeche paani tak jaati hain. Kai ek saath engineering ka kamaal aur kala ka namoona hain. Gujarat ki Rani ki Vav, lagbhag 1063 ki, mein khambhon wale kai star aur saikdon sundar moortiyaan hain. Baarish ka paani jama karne ke alaawa baavdi ek saamaajik jagah thi jahan log thandak mein saath baithte aur khabrein baantte.
Baavdi kaise kaam karti hai
Itni gehri seedhiyaan kyon? Sookhe mahinon mein zameen ke neeche paani ka star gir jaata hai, kabhi kai metre. Baavdi uske peechhe-peechhe neeche jaati hai: paani neeche jaata hai to log seedhiyon se aur neeche utarte hain, aur monsoon mein phir bharne par nichle star paani mein doob jaate hain. Patthar ki manzilein, khambhe aur mandap paani par chhaaya karte hain, isliye garmi mein kam paani bhaap banta hai, aur tale ke paas hawa upar se kaafi thandi rehti hai. Isiliye garmi ki dopahar mein baavdi aaraam ki achhi jagah thi, aur kai ko mandiron ki tarah sajaaya gaya.
Mandir ke kund
Kai mandiron ke apne jalkund the, pushkarini, jo paani ikattha karne aur paani se jude anushthaanon ke liye the. Baavdiyon ki tarah kai sundar hain, har taraf seedhiyon ke saath, jaise Vijayanagara mein.
Aaj inhe bachaana
Kai puraani jal sanrachnaayein aaj sookhe sroton, kharaab dekhbhaal, pradooshan aur kachra phenkne se jhoojh rahi hain. Paryavaranvid, sthaaniya log aur NGO kabhi-kabhi milkar inhe phir zinda karte hain, par abhi bahut kuch baaki hai; kisi sthaaniya talaab ya baavdi ko saaf karke dobaara upyog karna paani aur virasat dono ko bachaata hai.
Aur padho stupa, gufaayein aur mandir aur kile, mahal, masjid aur maqbare, ya chapter ke notes aur NCERT solutions dekho.
Practice karo
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Harappa ke kuen kyon nahi dhehte the?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Unki kone-daar eentein aapas mein phans jaati thi
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Shringaverpur ke jalaashay kaise bharte the?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) baadh ke samay Ganga se aane wali naali se
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Baavdiyaan mukhya roop se kahan bani?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Gujarat aur Rajasthan
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Shringaverpur ka pehla kund kyon zaroori tha?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: Ganga ki baadh ke paani mein gaad hoti hai. Pehle ek-do jalaashayon mein paani itni der ruka rehta ki gaad neeche baith jaati, aur saaf paani agle kundon mein jaata; ye ek aam design tha.
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Mandir ke kundon aur baavdiyon mein itni seedhiyaan kyon hoti hain?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: Paani ka star mausam ke saath upar-neeche hota hai, isliye seedhiyon se kisi bhi star par paani tak pahuncha ja sakta hai. Ek saath kai log nahaane, anushthaan ya paani bharne ke liye inka upyog kar sakte hain, aur seedhiyaan kund ki safaai mein bhi madad karti hain.
Students ke sawal
Baavdi kya hoti hai?
Baavdi, jise vav ya baori bhi kehte hain, aisa kuan hai jahan lambi seedhiyon ke raaste kai star neeche paani tak pahunchte hain. Mukhya roop se Gujarat aur Rajasthan mein bani baavdiyaan baarish ka paani jama karti aur logon ko saath baithne ki thandi jagah deti thi. Gujarat ki lagbhag 1063 ki Rani ki Vav mein khambhon wale kai star aur saikdon moortiyaan hain.
Shringaverpur kahan hai aur kyon mashhoor hai?
Shringaverpur Uttar Pradesh mein hai. Ramayana ise Shringaverapura kehti hai, jahan Ram, Sita aur Lakshman ne vanvaas ki shuruaat mein Ganga paar ki. Khudaai mein bade jude jalaashay mile jinhe ek naali Ganga ki baadh ke paani se bharti thi.
Praacheen Bharatiyon ne itni jal sanrachnaayein kyon banaayi?
Zyaadatar baarish monsoon ke kuch mahinon mein hoti hai, isliye baaki saal ke liye paani pakadna aur rakhna padta tha. Himalaya ki talhati aur Thar registaan se Deccan aur Poorvottar tak har kshetra ne apni zameen aur jalvaayu ke hisaab se sanrachnaayein banaayi, gaon ke talaab se Grand Anicut tak.
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