Naagrik kaun hai?

Roz ki zindagi mein naagrik

Naye school ke pehle dinon mein Kruti ka playground par uske bolne ke dhang ke liye mazaak udaaya gaya. Do sahpaathi, Sonali aur Harshada, ne mazaak udaane waalon ko roka, aur phir Kruti ko apni badminton team mein khelne bulaaya, taaki wo khud ko baahar wali na samjhe. Chapter ise achhi naagrikta ki misaal maanta hai: zaroorat mand ka saath dena aur dhyaan rakhna ki koi kinaare par na chhoot jaaye. Naagrikta aise roz ke kaamon mein jeeti hai, sirf kaagazon mein nahi.

Kaanooni matlab

Kaanoon ki nazar mein naagrik kisi desh aur uske raajnaitik samudaay ka maanya sadasya hai, jiska desh ke faislon mein hissa hai. Loktantra mein ye sadasyata adhikaar laati hai, jaise vote, bolne ki aazaadi aur surakshit rehkar jeene aur kaam karne ka mauka, haalaanki inmein se koi bhi aseemit nahi. Ye kartavya bhi laati hai: kaanoon maanna, tax dena, doosron ka samaan karna aur sabko surakshit rakhne mein madad karna.

Isliye naagrikta ke do roop hain. Kaanooni pehchaan ke roop mein ye vyakti ko aadhikaarik taur par raashtra se jodti hai. Saamaajik zimmedaari ke roop mein ye logon ko apnepan ka ehsaas deti hai aur unhe saajhe moolyon, adhikaaron aur kartavyon se jodti hai.

Nivaasi ya naagrik?

Nivaasi bas wo hai jo kisi jagah rehta hai; naagrikta kaanoon se maanya sadasyata hai. Dono hamesha saath nahi hote: kai log kisi desh mein rehte hain par uske naagrik nahi hote, aur naagrik videsh mein bhi reh sakte hain. Sakriya naagrik tax bhi dete hain, zaroorat mandon ki madad karte hain, paryavaran ka dhyaan rakhte hain, aur apne adhikaaron se anuchit baaton ko chunauti dekar sahi ka saath dete hain.

Bharat ka har naagrik Samvidhaan ke saamne barabar hai, chaahe wo koi bhi bhasha bole, koi bhi dharm maane ya kisi bhi sanskriti se ho. Do kaanoon, Citizenship Act, 1955 aur Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019, tay karte hain ki naagrikta kaise milti ya chhinti hai.

Chaar bade vichaar

Chapter mein chaar vichaar chalte hain. Adhikaar wo aazaadiyaan hain, jaise samaanta, abhivyakti aur dharm ki aazaadi, aur shiksha, jo garima bhara jeevan dete hain. Kartavya zimmedaariyaan hain, jaise kaanoon maanna, tax dena, jagah saaf rakhna aur madad karna. Bhedbhaav kisi ke saath uski pehchaan ki wajah se anuchit vyavhaar hai, aur naagrikon ko iska virodh karna chahiye. Samaavesh ka matlab hai ki koi bhi apni bhasha, dharm, sanskriti, nasl, jaati ya ling ki wajah se baahar na rahe. Samvidhaan pehle teen ka naam leta hai; samaavesh wo sakaaratmak kadam hai jo bhedbhaav ko door rakhta hai.

Kaam karte naagrik: shehar ka mela

Ek shehar ke saalaana mele mein mushkilein aayi. Meena ko debate se roka gaya, is bahaane se ki ladkiyon ko manch par nahi bolna chahiye. Ravi, jiske pita sadak par saamaan bechte hain, ko library stall se lauta diya gaya, jabki ek ameer ladka seedha andar chala gaya. Mele ke paas kuch bachchon se school jaane ki jagah safaai karaayi ja rahi thi. Aur Gaganjit, jo wheelchair istemaal karte hain, pradarshani hall ke baahar ruk gaye kyonki wahaan ramp nahi tha.

Bachche ye baat apne teacher ke paas le gaye aur jaana ki Samvidhaan ke tahat har naagrik ke Maulik Adhikaar hain, jaise samaanta, bolne aur abhivyakti ki aazaadi, dharm ki aazaadi, garima bhara jeevan aur shiksha, aur jinhe ye na milein wo adaalat ja sakte hain. Is jaankaari ke saath unhone aayojakon se baat ki, aur dheere-dheere cheezein badli: Meena ne debate mein hissa liya, Ravi stall mein gaya, volunteers ne kaam karte bachchon ka school mein daakhila karaaya, aur Gaganjit ke liye ramp ban gaye.

Ye kyon zaroori hai

Mele ki kahaani dikhaati hai ki sakriya naagrikta kaisi dikhti hai: apne adhikaar jaanna, ye dekhna ki kisi aur ko unke adhikaar se vanchit kiya ja raha hai, aur sahi raaste se kadam uthaana. Jab sab hissa le paate hain to loktantra mazboot hota hai, aur shaant samaaj roz ke chhote faislon, shabdon aur kaamon se banta hai.

Aur padhein: Maulik adhikaar aur kartavya, bhedbhaav aur samaavesh, chapter ke notes aur NCERT solutions.